ABSTRACT
The effect of aerobic exercise intervention on the renal functional and ultrastructural changes associated with diabetes mellitus were studied in the obese Zucker rat, a rat model of type 2 diabetes. The obese Zucker rats began training at 18 wk of age (n=8) and were compared to obese sedentary controls (n=12) and lean sedentary nondiseased littermates (n=10). Body weight, kidney weight, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, creatinine clearance, urine IgG, urine IgG/creatinine ratio, urine total protein, urine albumin, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, glycated hemoglobin, serum fructosamine, fasting serum glucose, serum insulin, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, blood pressure, and morphometric analyses of cortical glomeruli by light microscopy and electron microscopy were performed to evaluate renal function, structure, and metabolic control. The exercise training consisted of treadmill running, 5 da/wk for 1 hr/da. Exercise intervention lowered the body weight (p <0.05), reduced the percentage of glycated hemoglobin (p <0.05), and diminished the urine albumin concentration (p <0.05), compared to the obese sedentary controls. Exercise intervention did not significantly affect morphometric indices of renal ultrastructure. This study shows that aerobic exercise intervention significantly improved metabolic control and reduced albuminuria in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism , Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism , Obesity , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Albuminuria/metabolism , Albuminuria/pathology , Albuminuria/therapy , Animals , Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Cholesterol/blood , Creatinine/urine , Diabetes Mellitus/pathology , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Fructosamine/blood , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Insulin/blood , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney/ultrastructure , Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism , Kidney Glomerulus/pathology , Male , Organ Size , Rats , Rats, Zucker , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
The distribution and appearance of anionic charge sides (ACS) in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and mesangium were studied in two different animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM), the obese Zucker rat as an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and streptozocin-induced Sprague-Dawley rat as an animal model of type 1 DM. Four obese Zucker rats (ZR) and four Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed for the following parameters: number of ACS per length of lamina rara externa (LRE), (ACS/LRE); number of ACE per length of lamina rara interna (LRI) (ACS/LRI); percent of mesangial matrix as ACS (%MMACS); percent of LRE as ACS (%LREACS); percent of LRI as ACS (%LRIACS); length of ACS in LRI (LACSLRI); length of ACS in LRE (LACSLRE); width of ACS in LRI (WACSLRI); width of ACS in the LRE (WACSLRE); area of ACS in the LRI (AACSLRI); and the area of ACS in the LRE (AACSLRE). Statistical analyses include a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. This study confirms that a loss of ACS occurs as proteinuria develops in a variety of animal models. The majority of the ACS were more prominently localized, and thus lost form the LRE of the GBM in DN. This study also demonstrated that defined alterations in the glomerular ACS can be identified early in the evolution of DN in both animal models, and that the similarity of the changes in the ACS suggest that a common pathophysiologic mechanism induced the changes in both animal models.
