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Enferm. nefrol ; 17(1): 45-50, ene.-mar. 2014.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-121116

ABSTRACT

La percepción personal de un individuo de su situación de vida, dentro del contexto cultural y de valores en el que vive, y en relación con sus objetivos, expectativas, valores e intereses, se denomina, calidad de vida. Como en estudios de pacientes crónicos, los factores más influyentes en la percepción de la calidad de vida, se clasifican en: paciente, medicamento, enfermedad y calidad de la interacción entre paciente y sistema sanitario. Objetivos: Describir la percepción que tienen los pacientes sobre su calidad de vida, e identificar factores que influyen en esta percepción. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes adultos, con trasplante renal, que acuden a nuestra consulta hospitalaria y son autosuficientes en el tratamiento. Todos los pacientes han recibido charlas grupales sobre el manejo de su tratamiento antes del alta. Recogida de datos con cuestionario anónimo autoadministrado: Escala validada: cuestionario de saludSF-12 (versión 2), durante 4 meses. Se excluyeron pacientes que rechazaron participar y que necesitaban ayuda en el manejo del tratamiento. Se estimó un tamaño muestral de 222 pacientes. Variables dependientes: Calidad de vida. Variables independientes: Factores socio-demográfi cos, tipo inmunosupresores, educación sanitaria recibida por profesionales de la salud. Se solicitó consentimiento informado y se obtuvo informe favorable del Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica. Resultados: Participaron 209 pacientes. Edad media 55,2 (±12,15) rango 21-80 años, siendo el 61,8 % hombres. El 42% eran jubilados, el 38,2% tenían estudios secundarios, el 71% convivían en pareja. El inmunosupresor más utilizado: Micofenolato de sodio (MYFORTIC®) (65,5%) y el 46,7% tomaban dos inmunosupresores. La información sanitaria sobre efectos secundarios la consideran insuficiente un 20,5%.La media de la percepción de la calidad de vida es de 44,72±8,11 para el componente físico y 47,47±8,8 para el componente mental. Discusión: Los pacientes que llevan menos tiempo trasplantados refieren una mejor percepción de la calidad de vida. Debemos tomar medidas de mejora en la educación sanitaria sobre efectos adversos. Las charlas grupales informativas antes del alta del paciente creemos que han sido efectivas para la mejora del cumplimiento del tratamiento y en consecuencia para la mejora de su calidad de vida (AU)


The personal perception that an individual has of his or her situation in life, within the context of the culture and values in which he or she lives, and in relation to his/her goals, expectations, values and interests is called quality of life. As in studies with chronic patients, the factors that have the most influence on the perception of quality of life are classified as: patient, medication, disease and quality of interaction between patient and healthcare system. Objectives: To describe the perception that patients have of their quality of life, and to identify factors that affect this perception. Material and methods: Transversal descriptive study of adult patients, with a kidney transplant, who come to our hospital outpatient clinic and are self-sufficient in treatment. All patients received group talks on handling their treatment before being discharged. Data collection using anonymous self-administered questionnaire: Validated scale: SF-12 health survey (version 2), for 4 months. Patients who declined to participate and who needed help in handling the treatment were excluded. A sample size of 222 patients was estimated. Dependent variables: Quality of life. Independent variables: socio-demographic factors, type of immunosuppressive medication, health education received from healthcare professionals. Informed consent was sought and a favourable report was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethical Committee.Results:209 patients participated. Average age 55.2 (±12.15) range 21-80 years, of whom 61.8 % were men. 42%were retired, 38.2% had secondary school qualifications, 71% lived with a partner. The most used immunosuppressive medication was mycophenolate sodium (MYFORTIC®) (65.5%) and 46.7% took two immunosuppressive drugs. The information provided on side effects was considered insufficient by 20.5%.The average perception of quality of life is 44.72±8.11 for the physical component and 47.47±8.8 for the mental component. Discussion: Patients who have received their transplants more recently report a better perception of quality of life. We should take measures to improve education on side effects. We believe that the informative group talks before discharging patients have been effective in improving compliance with treatment and consequently in improving their quality of life (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation/rehabilitation , Self Care/statistics & numerical data , Activities of Daily Living , Quality of Life , Sickness Impact Profile , Risk Factors , Hospital-Patient Relations , Patient Education as Topic
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