Effect of massage on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition that affects 1.13 billion people globally. Successful management of HTN is accomplished through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Massage therapy, a widely practiced complementary and alternative medicine therapy that alleviates physical discomfort and promotes overall well-being. The current meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effect of massage on blood pressure in patients with HTN. METHODS: Electronic databases, including PubMed, Prospero, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were searched from their inception up to March 2021. All experimental trials that met the (PICO) criteria were included. The primary outcome of the study was blood pressure. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to generate a summary of treatment effects, expressed as the effect size (Standardized Mean Difference - SMD), along with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). RESULTS: Six studies were included in the review, in which 290 patients participated, 148 were in the experimental group and 142 in the control group. Meta-analysis showed a minimal reduction of systolic blood pressure (SMD: -0.65 mmHg, 95% CI: -4.75, 3.55) and diastolic blood pressure (SMD: -0.68 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.43, 1.06) with considerable heterogeneity (I2> 94%). CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrated that massage therapy resulted in a minimal reduction in blood pressure among patients with hypertension. To suggest massage as an effective intervention to reduce blood pressure further randomized control trials are recommended. Additionally, the literature is limited and still emerging, further large prospective studies with long follow-ups are warranted to verify the findings from this meta-analysis.

Does hydrotherapy influence plasma glucose levels in type 2 diabetes? - A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Hydrotherapy is a commonly used treatment modality to manage various conditions including diabetes in the Naturopathy system of medicine. The objective of the current scoping review is to find the effectiveness of hydrotherapy on plasma blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. CONTENT: Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework was adopted for this scoping review. The studies which used hydrotherapy intervention for the management of diabetes or the effect of hydrotherapy on plasma glucose levels were considered eligible. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Google scholar were searched for English- language published articles till December 20, 2022. The following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keyword search terms were used ("diabetes" OR "type 2 diabetes" OR "diabetes mellitus" OR "plasma glucose level") AND ("hydrotherapy" OR "water therapy" OR "balneotherapy"). Two investigators independently assessed the studies for inclusion. Review articles, abstracts, and articles including the aquatic exercises as interventions were excluded. SUMMARY: In total, six studies met the inclusion criteria. Out of six, two studies used hot therapies, two studies cold therapy, and the remaining two used both hot and cold as interventions. The study results showed that hydrotherapy can be used as an effective intervention tool for blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. OUTLOOK: Integrating hydrotherapy treatments alongside conventional management can reduce blood glucose levels and thus reduce diabetes-related complications.