ABSTRACT
Background: The objective of this study is to determine the initial drug resistance pattern among new tuberculosis (TB) cases and assess the extent of association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Method: This is a retrospective analysis of 1116 clinical isolates were collected from patients who were newly diagnosed with TB at TB Laboratory between January 2016 and November 2019 and used for determining drug-resistance profiles against five first-line and five second-line anti-TB drugs; and the results were assessed the association between TB risk factors and primary drug resistance TB. Results: Of the 1116 newly diagnosed TB patients, 193 (17.3%) showed resistance to at least one or more of the first-line drugs by different patterns, 105 (9.4%) showed resistance to one drug, 38 (3.40%) showed polyresistance, 50 (4.5%) showed multidrug resistant (MDR), and one patient had extensively drug resistant. Mono-resistance to isoniazid (INH), STR, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin were seen in 40 (3.6%), 33 (2.95%), 29 (2.59%), and 3 (0.3%) of isolates, respectively. INH showed the highest percentage of resistance among the patients. Of 1116 newly diagnosed TB patients, 256 (22.9%) were TB-DM cases and 135 (12.9%) were TB-no DM cases. The rates of drug resistance-TB 46/1116 (4.12%), monoresistance 25 (2.24%), polyresistance 9 (0.8%), and MDR 12 (1.07%) among TB-DM group were higher than TB-no DM group. Conclusion: Our study confirms that resistance to INH was the most common phenomenon. We found that diabetes was identified as a risk factor of TB drug resistance. We did not find a significant association between HIV co-infection and TB drug-resistance.
