Resultados a largo plazo de artroplastia de cadera en pacientes en diálisis por insuficiencia renal crónica. Mortalidad y supervivencia del implante en el Registro Nacional de Uruguay desde el año 2000 / Long-term results of hip arthroplasty in patients on dialysis for chronic renal failure. Mortality and implant survival in the National Registry of Uruguay since 2000

Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia de mortalidad, revisión y valoración funcional en la artroplastia de cadera en pacientes dializados en Uruguay. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de una cohorte histórica de artroplastias de cadera en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica tratados con hemodiálisis o diálisis peritoneal entre el 1/1/2000 y el 31/12/2013; análisis de supervivencia mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se realizó además, la evaluación funcional y radiológica de los pacientes vivos. Ciento cuarenta y una artroplastias de cadera, 42 por artrosis (29,8%) y 99 por fracturas (70,2%), edad 72,3 (DE: 12,1) años (18,9-93,1), 72 mujeres (51,1%) y 69 varones (48,9%), 75 artroplastias izquierdas (53,2%) y 66 derechas (46,8%). Predominó el abordaje anterolateral (115, 81,6%) respecto al posterolateral (26, 18,4%). Resultados: La mortalidad a los 30, 180 días, uno y 5 años en pacientes diagnosticados por artrosis fue del 2,4, 7,1, 9,5 y 47,6%, respectivamente, y en pacientes con fractura del 7,1, 18,2, 29,3 y 82,6%, respectivamente. Se realizaron 5 revisiones protésicas, 3 por luxación recidivante, una por aflojamiento aséptico y una artroplastia resección por infección. Doce pacientes estaban vivos al último control, la puntuación media según la escala de Merle D́Aubigne-Postel fue 6,4 en el preoperatorio y 11 al final del seguimiento. El índice de Barthel promedio en el seguimiento fue 72,8. Discusión: La mortalidad a mediano y largo plazo de estos pacientes fue muy alta, mucho mayor que la observada en los pacientes sometidos al mismo procedimiento que no están en diálisis. La revisión es excepcional, y la evaluación funcional de los pocos pacientes vivos muestra malos resultados clínico-radiológicos

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of mortality, revision and functional assessment after hip arthroplasty in dialysis patients in Uruguay. Methods: An observational analytical study of a historical cohort of hip arthroplasties was performed on patients with chronic kidney disease treated with haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis between 1/1/2000-31/12/2013; survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method. Functional and radiological evaluation of the live patients was also carried out. One hundred and forty-one hip arthroplasties, 42 for osteoarthritis (29.8%) and 99 for fractures (70.2%), age 72.3 (SD: 12.1) years (18.9-93.1), 72 women (51.1%) and 69 men (48.9%), 75 left arthroplasties (53.2%) and 66 right (46.8%). The anterolateral approach (115, 81.6%) predominated over the posterolateral approach (26, 18.4%). Results: Mortality at 30, 180 days, 1 and 5 years of patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis was 2.4, 7.1, 9.5 and 47.6%, respectively, and of patients with fracture it was 7.1, 18.2, 29.3 and 82.6%. Five prosthetic revisions were performed, 3 due to recurrent dislocation, one due to aseptic loosening, and one resection arthroplasty due to infection. Twelve patients were alive at the last control, the average score according to the scale of Merle D'Aubigne-Postel was 6.4 preoperatively, and 11 at the end of the follow-up. The average Barthel index at follow-up was 72.8. Discussion: The mortality in the medium and long term of these patients was very high, much higher than that observed in patients undergoing the same procedure not on dialysis. The review is exceptional, and the functional evaluation of the few living patients shows poor clinical-radiological results

Long-term results of hip arthroplasty in patients on dialysis for chronic renal failure. Mortality and implant survival in the National Registry of Uruguay since 2000. / Resultados a largo plazo de artroplastia de cadera en pacientes en diálisis por insuficiencia renal crónica. Mortalidad y supervivencia del implante en el Registro Nacional de Uruguay desde el año 2000.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of mortality, revision and functional assessment after hip arthroplasty in dialysis patients in Uruguay. METHODS: An observational analytical study of a historical cohort of hip arthroplasties was performed on patients with chronic kidney disease treated with haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis between 1/1/2000-31/12/2013; survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method. Functional and radiological evaluation of the live patients was also carried out. One hundred and forty-one hip arthroplasties, 42 for osteoarthritis (29.8%) and 99 for fractures (70.2%), age 72.3 (SD: 12.1) years (18.9-93.1), 72 women (51.1%) and 69 men (48.9%), 75 left arthroplasties (53.2%) and 66 right (46.8%). The anterolateral approach (115, 81.6%) predominated over the posterolateral approach (26, 18.4%). RESULTS: Mortality at 30, 180 days, 1 and 5 years of patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis was 2.4, 7.1, 9.5 and 47.6%, respectively, and of patients with fracture it was 7.1, 18.2, 29.3 and 82.6%. Five prosthetic revisions were performed, 3 due to recurrent dislocation, one due to aseptic loosening, and one resection arthroplasty due to infection. Twelve patients were alive at the last control, the average score according to the scale of Merle D'Aubigne-Postel was 6.4 preoperatively, and 11 at the end of the follow-up. The average Barthel index at follow-up was 72.8. DISCUSSION: The mortality in the medium and long term of these patients was very high, much higher than that observed in patients undergoing the same procedure not on dialysis. The review is exceptional, and the functional evaluation of the few living patients shows poor clinical-radiological results.

Evolutionary history of the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata before global invasion: inferring dispersal patterns, niche requirements and past and present distribution within its native range.

The evolutionary history of invasive species within their native range may involve key processes that allow them to colonize new habitats. Therefore, phylogeographic studies of invasive species within their native ranges are useful to understand invasion biology in an evolutionary context. Here we integrated classical and Bayesian phylogeographic methods using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers with a palaeodistribution modelling approach, to infer the phylogeographic history of the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata across its native distribution in South America. We discuss our results in the context of the recent establishment of this mostly tropical species in the Mediterranean region. Our Bayesian phylogeographic analysis suggests that the common ancestor of the two main clades of W. auropunctata occurred in central Brazil during the Pliocene. Clade A would have differentiated northward and clade B southward, followed by a secondary contact beginning about 380,000 years ago in central South America. There were differences in the most suitable habitats among clades when considering three distinct climatic periods, suggesting that genetic differentiation was accompanied by changes in niche requirements, clade A being a tropical lineage and clade B a subtropical and temperate lineage. Only clade B reached more southern latitudes, with a colder climate than that of northern South America. This is concordant with the adaptation of this originally tropical ant species to temperate climates prior to its successful establishment in the Mediterranean region. This study highlights the usefulness of exploring the evolutionary history of invasive species within their native ranges to better understand biological invasions.

Population dynamics of horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), on Hereford cattle in Uruguay.

Abundance of adult horn flies, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), was monitored on 25 untreated Hereford cows in Tacuarembó Department, Uruguay, during three consecutive grazing seasons, from October 1999 to May 2002. The population showed a variable pattern of abundance during three years, with peaks in late summer-early fall of each year. Adult flies were continuously present, although in very low numbers in intervening winters. Numbers of flies per cow rarely exceeded a reference level of 200 flies per animal during the grazing season. Degree-day calculations indicated that approximately 12 generations were possible each year. Time series analysis of mean densities among consecutive generations indicated that population growth was governed by simple, direct density-dependence, with additional effects of seasonally varying weather. Response surface regressions confirmed that intergenerational growth was inversely related to mean density, and directly related to temperature. Stochastic simulations with the response surface model suggested that within the range of temperatures observed in our study, horn fly populations on Hereford cattle will tend toward densities of approximately 150 flies per animal in summer, and exceed a nominal level of 200 flies per cow one or more times in about 65 of every 100 grazing seasons.

Sarcosporidian infection in pigs in Uruguay.

Examination of enzymatic digests of samples of the crux diaphragm obtained at abbatoirs in Montevideo, Uruguay, indicated that 57.2% of 269 pigs weighing 90-140 kg were infected with Sarcocystis sp. The morphology of sarcocystis in H & E stained sections indicated that they were Sarcocystis miescheriana.