[Peculiarities of disorders in physical development of children consuming drinking water with increased nitrate content].

Peculiarities of physical development disorders in 334 children were examined in the course of comparative clinical-laboratory research; all these children consumed drinking water with various nitrates content (11.2±1.1 mg/l and up to 3.14 MPC, i.e. 141 mg/l), in a dose equal up to 9.0 mg/kg of body weight (RfD 1.6 mg/kg). A focus group consisted of 158 children aged from 3 to 10, a control group was made up of 176 children of the same age. Nitrates content in urine taken from children of focus group (49.22±11.69 mg/l) was 2.4 fold higher than the same parameter in control group (20.2±3.13 mg/l, р=0,001). Under exposure to nitrates consumed with drinking water endocrine system diseases were detected 1.7-2.1 fold more frequently, and physical development disorders, 2.5-4.3 fold more frequently, than in control group (р=0.02-0.05). We detected authentic correlation between nitrate excretion with urine and deviations in physical development in children consuming drinking water with nitrogenous compounds content which was higher than MPC; such deviations were ICD: Е44-Е46 - mild protein-energy malnutrition, Е34.4 - excessive height, Е67.8-Е66.0 - excessive nutrition, ОR=2.35, DI=1.22-4.53). Explained variance fraction amounted to 42-75% (R2=0.42-0.75; 64.9≤F≤162.3, р=0.001). Changes in thyroid gland volume were detected 2.4 fold more frequently, and changes in its structure 2.5 fold more frequently, in focus group than in control group (р=0.049). We determined statistically significant correlation between thyroidal disorders and nitrate content in urine (ОR=3.52; DI=1.73-7,0), with factor contribution level reaching 52% (R2=0.52; F=173.3; р=0.001). We detected that 34% of children from focus group had thyrotrophic hormone level 1.2 fold higher than physiological standard and the same parameter in control group (р=0.02). And also free thyroxin level was near age physiological standard in 23.4% of examined children which was 1.2 fold lower than in control group (p=0.05). The research revealed that methemoglobinemia with tissue respiration abnormalities and disorders in liver enzyme system functioning followed by protein-energy malnutrition (ICD: E44.1-E46), were the most relevant for younger children (under 6 years) and children suffering from functional gastrointestinal pathologies. As for older children (6-10 years) we observed mostly disorders in neuroendocrine regulation, thyroid gland, and antioxidant protection, in them together with somatic development potentiation and growth in weight-height parameters (ICD: Е66.0-Е67.8). It has been established that reduced thyroid supply, disorder of tissue respiration and antioxidant balance, and dysregulation of hypophysial-adrenal homeostasis section provide the basis for the formation of disturbances in physical development and endocrine pathology in children being under oral exposure to nitrates.

[Development of lipids and carbohydrates metabolism disorders caused by drinkable water with high content of chlorine organic compounds].

Evaluation of effects caused by environmental peroral exposure to chlorine organic compounds revealed that individuals with AG variation of HTR2A gene are a community with increased sensitivity to chloroform and a risk group for lipid and carbohydrates metabolism disorders. Individual risk of endocrine disorders (ICD: E67.8 excessive nutrition and E66.0 obesity) in these individuals is higher than in general population exposed to chloroform at residence (HQ1.72). Serum serotonin level, that is functionally connected with HTR2A gene, is 1.3 times lower vs. the reference group value.

A mathematical model of the immune and neuroendocrine systems mutual regulation under the technogenic chemical factors impact.

The concept of the triad regulatory metasystem, which includes the neuroendocrine and immune regulation systems, is currently generally accepted. Changes occurring in each of the regulatory systems in response to the impact of technogenic chemical factors are also well known. This paper presents mathematical models of the immune and neuroendocrine system functioning, using the interaction between these systems in response to bacterial invasion as an example, and changes in their performance under exposure to chemical factors, taking into account the stage of functional disorders in a producing organ, using the performance of the bone marrow as an example.

[Prospects of occupational risk evaluation via modelling methods].

The article represents methodic approaches that enable quantitative evaluation of worker's health risk, forecast of changes in health state. Models application proved that integral risk of health disorders in workers exposed to occupational factors becomes unacceptable by the age of 45 years, without exposure to the factors - by 54 years. At work under existing levels of exposure to occupational factors, cardiovascular risk increases with length of service, and by 5 years of service, number of additional occupational cases in a studied group of workers approaches 11 per year. Solving effectively problems of health risk evaluation, evolution models consider specific conditions of workplaces contamination and describe influence of variable factors within work conditions on risk of various health disorders in dependence on length of service and exposure duration. Methodic approaches to health risk evaluation, based on evolution models of hazardous effects development under exposure to working environment factors, enable to follow dynamics of these effects development on background of natural ageing and to forecast health state of human and population under multi-factorial, multi-exposure load.