ABSTRACT
The development of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) inhibitors is considered to have therapeutic potential in diabetic complications inhibiting the loss of the biomolecular function. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized from aqueous leaf extract of Morus indica and were characterized by various techniques such as ultraviolet (UV)-Vis spectroscopy, Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Further, the inhibition of AGEs formation after exposure to ZnO-NPs was investigated by in-vitro, in-vivo, and molecular docking studies. Biochemical and histopathological changes after exposure to ZnO-NPs were also studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ZnO-NPs showed an absorption peak at 359 nm with a purity of 92.62% and ~6-12 nm in size, which is characteristic of nanoparticles. The images of SEM showed agglomeration of smaller ZnO-NPs and EDS authenticating that the synthesized nanoparticles were without impurities. The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs showed significant inhibition in the formation of AGEs. The particles were effective against methylglyoxal (MGO) mediated glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by inhibiting the formation of AGEs, which was dose-dependent. Further, the presence of MGO resulted in complete damage of biconcave red blood corpuscles (RBCs) to an irregular shape, whereas the morphological changes were prevented when they were treated with ZnO-NPs leading to the prevention of complications caused due to glycation. The administration of ZnO-NPs (100 mg Kg-1) in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats reversed hyperglycemia and significantly improved hepatic enzymes level and renal functionality, also the histopathological studies revealed restoration of kidney and liver damage nearer to normal conditions. Molecular docking of BSA with ZnO-NPs confirms that masking of lysine and arginine residues is one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the potent antiglycation activity of ZnO-NPs. The findings strongly suggest scope for exploring the therapeutic potential of diabetes-related complications.
Subject(s)
Erythrocytes/drug effects , Glycation End Products, Advanced/antagonists & inhibitors , Molecular Docking Simulation , Morus/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Pyruvaldehyde/antagonists & inhibitors , Zinc Oxide/pharmacology , Animals , Cattle , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism , Hyperglycemia/chemically induced , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Hyperglycemia/metabolism , Male , Morus/metabolism , Nanoparticles/metabolism , Pyruvaldehyde/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Serum Albumin, Bovine/antagonists & inhibitors , Serum Albumin, Bovine/metabolism , Streptozocin , Zinc Oxide/chemistry , Zinc Oxide/metabolismABSTRACT
The present investigation focuses on the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) via a facile hydrothermal route. The material has been characterized by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), photoluminescence (PL), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. However, the application of Fe2O3 metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) tied with their inimitable chemical and physical nature is thought to emphasize their exploitable medical and biological applications nowadays. Rhodamine-B (RB) was used for photocatalytic degradation studies by using rhombohedral Fe2O3, afterwards the material was recycled and utilized for toxicity assessments. Undeniably, a meticulous assessment is needed of the factors that influence the biocompatibility and is essential for the safe and sustainable development of the emerging chemically synthesized metal oxide nanoparticle (MONPs). The toxicity assessment of Fe2O3 is necessary to know the bioaccumulation and local or systemic toxicity associated to them. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of Fe2O3 and its histological alterations of the heart tissue of albino Wistar rat. The synthesized materials high dose was found to be highly stable and we found more toxicity against the skin melanoma cells (B16-F10), human embryonic kidney (HEK), 293 cells depending on dose. Finally, Escherichia coli, (MTCC 7410) bacterial cell wall damage studies were also conducted to provide a clear determination of rhombohedral nanomaterial behaviour. The fusion of these biocompatibility investigations paves a way for further applications in utilization of these materials in future eco-friendly applications.
