ABSTRACT
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) show a variety of biological and clinical characteristics that could depend on the association with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Biological and clinical characterization is essential to stratify patients based on prognostic and predictive factors. Reports on HNSCC are scarce in Mexico. Herein, we analyzed 414 Mexican patients with HNSCC, including oropharynx (OPSCC), larynx (LASCC), and oral cavity (OCSCC), and identified HPV DNA and p16 expression. Global gene expression profiles were analyzed in 25 HPV+/p16+ vs. HPV-/p16- cases. We found 32.3% p16+ and 22.3% HPV+ samples, HPV 16, 18, 39, 52, and 31 being the most frequent genotypes. For OPSCC, LASCC and OCSCC, 39.2, 14.7, and 9.6% were HPV+/p16+, respectively. High expression of SLIRP, KLF10, AREG, and LIMA was associated with poor survival; in contrast, high expression of MYB and SYCP2 correlated with better survival. In HPV+ cases, high expression of SLC25A39 and GJB2 was associated with poor survival. Likewise, EGFR, IL-1, IL-6, JAK-STAT, WNT, NOTCH, and ESR1 signaling pathways were downregulated in HPV+ cases. CSF1R, MYC, and SRC genes were identified as key hubs and therapeutic targets. Our study offers information regarding the molecular and clinical characteristics of HNSCC in Mexican patients.
ABSTRACT
Male pseudohermaphroditism and androgen insensitivity syndrome cases have an increased risk of developing testicular cancer due to many factors such as mutations, hormonal disturbances involving gonadotropins and cryptorchidism. We describe the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of two cases with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome and testicular cancer development, which were handled at the National Cancer Institute of Mexico.
Subject(s)
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/diagnosis , Testicular Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome/complications , Cryptorchidism/complications , Disorders of Sex Development/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/complications , Population , Testicular Neoplasms/complicationsABSTRACT
We present 4 case studies of patients with Down's syndrome and testicular germ-cell cancer, treated with conventional methods at the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, with similar outcomes as patients without this syndrome. There are several reports of testicular cancer arising in patients with Down's syndrome worldwide, mainly from Caucasian populations. We discuss some theories about the association and the possible increase of incidence.
Subject(s)
Down Syndrome/complications , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/complications , Testicular Neoplasms/complications , Abnormalities, Multiple , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Bleomycin/administration & dosage , Brain Neoplasms/secondary , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Cryptorchidism/complications , Etoposide/administration & dosage , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Mexico , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/secondary , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/surgery , Orchiectomy , Remission Induction , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/secondary , Seminoma/complications , Seminoma/pathology , Seminoma/radiotherapy , Seminoma/surgery , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Testicular Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Nuestro objetivo principal es que los médicos tengan en mente que toda usuaria de DIU debe ser constantemente supervisada, pues se han reportado casos de actinomicosis pélvica en relación al DIU, en especial a los modelos plásticos (Asa de Lippes); el agente causante en la mayoría de casos es Actinomyces israelii, pero ahora también se ha encontrado A. naeslundii por las nuevas conductas sexuales (sexo oral). La evolución de la actinomicosis es lenta, si no se descubre a tiempo, invade varios órganos. Se deben recalcar la importancia de los métodos diagnósticos más eficaces como son: la inmunofluorescencia y la citología exfoliativa cervico-vaginal; pues se han reportado casos en la literatura de confusiones de la actinomicosis pélvica con una neoplasia maligna, lo que lleva a un manejo enteramente diferente de la enfermedad. El tratamiento adecuado es penicilina G y drenaje de los abscesos actinomicóticos
Our main objective is to encourage physicians in the constant supervision of all IUD users, because of reported cases of pelvic actinomycosis, specially related to plastic models (Lippes Handle); The most common causal agents are A. israelii and A. naeslundii, the latter specially related to new sexual behaviors (oral sex). The evolution of actinomycosis is slow, and if not diagnosed on time the microorganism invades several organs. The importance of efficient diagnostic tools such as inmmunofluorescence in cervico-vaginal smear must be insisted upon, specially in cases where actinomycosis was misdiagnosed as neoplasms, implying an entirely different treatment of the illness. The appropriate treatment is G penicillin and drainage of the actinomycotic abscesses
