ABSTRACT
La anemia drepanocitica es una hemoglobinopatía hereditaria, considerada un trastorno recesivo autosómico, se caracteriza por producción de hemoglobina defectuosa. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de anemia drepanocitica y algunas características de las personas que la padecen en la comunidad de San Juan, Yoro. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; la población fue de 488 personas y la muestra de 220. La unidad de estudio fue seleccionada aleatoriamente. El estudio se desarrolló en tres momentos; Fase I: comprendió la organización de material y reactivos necesarios para realizar la prueba de inducción de drepanocitos. Fase II: incluyó la recepción de muestras, homogenización de las mismas con ayuda de un mezclador hematológico y la realización de hemograma completo, así como el montaje de la prueba de inducción de drepanocitos y observación microscópica de la prueba realizada. Fase III: comprendió el reporte de resultados en boletas de exámenes. Para la recolección de datos el grupo de trabajo se capacitó para la toma de la muestra de sangre, misma que fue realizada por un microbiólogo del Hospital Escuela Universitario. Se elaboró y aplicó a la muestra poblacional un instrumento tipo encuesta, con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Resultados: la prevalencia de anemia drepanocitica fue de 10.4%, la relación femenino/masculino fue 1:1.3; la edad de los positivos fue: 10 de 16-45(43.5%), años 8 de 6-15(34.8%) años y 5(21.7%) de 46 y más. El 30.4% de la población con anemia perniciosa, poseían escolaridad de secundaria incompleta y el 26.1% percibían ingresos económicos. Conclusión: La prevalencia de la enfermedad encontrada es similar con la registrada por la Secretaría de Salud, predominó en el sexo masculino y se encontró en población mayor de 50 años, lo que podría indicar que la esperanza de vida ha mejorado en las personas con anemia drepanocitica...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Vascular Diseases/complications , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Hemoglobinopathies/complications , Anemia, Sickle Cell/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The peri-adolescent period is a crucial developmental moment of transition from childhood to emergent adulthood. The present report analyses the differences in Power Spectrum (PS) of the Electroencephalogram (EEG) between late childhood (24 children between 8 and 13 years old) and young adulthood (24 young adults between 18 and 23 years old). RESULTS: The narrow band analysis of the Electroencephalogram was computed in the frequency range of 0-20 Hz. The analysis of mean and variance suggested that six frequency ranges presented a different rate of maturation at these ages, namely: low delta, delta-theta, low alpha, high alpha, low beta and high beta. For most of these bands the maturation seems to occur later in anterior sites than posterior sites. Correlational analysis showed a lower pattern of correlation between different frequencies in children than in young adults, suggesting a certain asynchrony in the maturation of different rhythms. The topographical analysis revealed similar topographies of the different rhythms in children and young adults. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated the same internal structure for the Electroencephalogram of both age groups. Principal Component Analysis allowed to separate four subcomponents in the alpha range. All these subcomponents peaked at a lower frequency in children than in young adults. CONCLUSIONS: The present approaches complement and solve some of the incertitudes when the classical brain broad rhythm analysis is applied. Children have a higher absolute power than young adults for frequency ranges between 0-20 Hz, the correlation of Power Spectrum (PS) with age and the variance age comparison showed that there are six ranges of frequencies that can distinguish the level of EEG maturation in children and adults. The establishment of maturational order of different frequencies and its possible maturational interdependence would require a complete series including all the different ages.
Subject(s)
Brain Waves/physiology , Brain/physiology , Child Development/physiology , Electroencephalography , Multivariate Analysis , Adolescent , Age Factors , Brain Mapping , Child , Cognition/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , Principal Component Analysis , Spectrum Analysis , Statistics as TopicSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Egg Hypersensitivity/complications , Egg Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Egg Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Egg White/adverse effects , Egg White/chemistry , Anaphylaxis/chemically induced , Anaphylaxis/diagnosis , Ovomucin/adverse effects , Egg Hypersensitivity/immunology , Ovomucin/immunology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Skin Tests/methods , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Immunoglobulin ESubject(s)
Anaphylaxis/immunology , Egg Hypersensitivity/immunology , Age of Onset , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
In vitro growth kinetics of two Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) clones in myocardial cells from rodents of different susceptibility. Two Trypanosoma cruzi isolates, TCR-4 from Costa Rica and UES-1 from El Salvador, were studied in vitro to compare their infectivity or resistance and intracellular replication in myocardial cells in three strains of mice and rats: NGP white mice, C3 H mice and Sprague Dowley rats. Myocardial cells were cultured on coverslips at 37 degrees C in a humid 10% CO2 atmosphere and then infected at a ratio of one tripomastigote per cell. Samples were studied after 24, 72, 96 and 120 h of infection to determine parasite infection capacity and intracellular multiplication. Both parasites had the highest infection capacity in C3 H mice, followed by NGP mice cells with a very low infection rate. Lastly, almost no Trypanosoma cruzi multiplication was observed in Sprague Dowley rats, suggesting a strong natural resistance in this animal to both strains of the parasite. The UES-1 isolate presented higher multiplication and greater invasion than the TCR-4 strain, showing greater virulence of UES-1 in heart cells, at least in vitro.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Rats , Myocytes, Cardiac/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development , Kinetics , Costa Rica , Clone Cells/parasitology , Cells, Cultured , El Salvador , Time Factors , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics , Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity , VirulenceABSTRACT
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission by both seropositive and seronegative cadaver organ donors has been documented, yet nucleic acid testing is not routinely used to identify active infection in these donors prior to transplantation. Between November 2001 and February 2004, we screened 1445 cadaver organ donors for anti-HCV antibodies with either HCV EIA-2.0 (Abbott Diagnostics, Chicago, IL, USA) and/or Ortho HCV Version 3.0 ELISA (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA) and confirmed seropositive samples with Chiron RIBA3.0 SIA (Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA, USA). Samples with sufficient volume (n = 726) were tested by the VERSANT HCV [transcription-mediated amplification (TMA)] Qualitative assay (Bayer Healthcare LLC, Tarrytown, NY, USA) which can be performed in approximately 5 h. Those with detectable HCV RNA and sufficient volume were quantified by the VERSANT HCV 3.0 (bDNA) Assay (Bayer Healthcare LLC) and/or the HCV RNA TMA Quantitative Assay (n = 23) and genotyped (n = 57). Seventy-seven of 1445 (5.3%) donors were seropositive, reactive by either one or both anti-HCV assays. Fifty-two of 63 (82.5%) of the seropositive samples had detectable HCV RNA and were genotyped. Seventeen of these samples had quantifications ranging from 128,123 to >7,692,307 IU/mL. Six of 663 (0.9%) seronegative samples had detectable HCV RNA. Their quantifications ranged from <9.3 to 1,464,799 IU/mL, and five of these six were successfully genotyped. As HCV RNA was demonstrated in samples from both our seropositive and seronegative cadaver organ donors, we are now incorporating nucleic acid testing into our donor screening/diagnostic algorithm.
Subject(s)
Cadaver , Donor Selection , Hepacivirus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods , RNA, Viral/blood , Tissue Donors , Algorithms , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C/virology , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Humans , Transcription, GeneticABSTRACT
Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en un grupo de 534 pacientes oncológicos españoles y 371 cuidadores familiares. Método: Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico así como la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS) con el fin de evaluar la presencia e intensidad de estos síntomas. Resultados: Se observó que el 15,7 por ciento de los pacientes dieron positivo en la subescala de ansiedad, incluida dentro de la escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria (HADS), al utilizar un punto de corte mayor o igual a 11 y el 14,6 por ciento lo hicieron en la subescala de depresión. En cuanto a los cuidadores familiares, el 36,4 por ciento de ellos obtuvieron altas puntuaciones en la subescala de ansiedad y el 9,2 por ciento lo hicieron en la subescala de depresión. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados confirman la alta prevalencia de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en ambos grupos y por lo tanto, la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones terapéuticas que incluyan de forma sistemática una evaluación familiar para contribuir a que los pacientes y sus familias puedan hacer frente a este tipo de problemas. (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Caregivers/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Depression/etiology , Depression/epidemiology , Neoplasms/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic Factors , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Se hace un análisis general de la literatura y del trabajo de los autores sobre microsporidiosis, una parasitosis que se ha puesto en boga a raíz de los problemas de inmunosupresión, especialmente en personas infectadas con el virus del SIDA. Se hace una revisión histórica, se describe básicamente la morfología de los géneros más importantes de los microsporidios y se comentan algunos aspectos de la epidemiología. Se revisan los cambios patológicos debidos a la infección con estos parásitos, los métodos de diagnóstico más usados, el tratamiento y la prevención contra esta parasitosis. Se enfatiza sobre el hallazgo por primera vez en Costa Rica y probablemente en Centro América, de casos humanos de infección con Enterocytozoon bieneusi y con el género Nosema. Palabras claves: Microsporidia, microsporidiosis, Enterocytozoon, Encephalitozoon, Pleisthphora, Nosema
Subject(s)
Humans , Microsporida/microbiology , Microsporidiosis , Nosema , Parasites/microbiology , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Sigmodon hispidus, a cotton rat, was inoculated with tachyzoites or oocysts of Costa Rican strains of Toxoplasma gondii to demonstrate the resistance to this parasite, as compared with mice, hamster and white rat infection. Susceptibility to tachyzoite inoculation was higher in this animal than in white rats but lower than in the other animals. Independent to the Toxoplasma strain studied, oocyst infection was less lethal for S. hispidus when compared with mice and hamsters; the results were similar to those observed for white rats. There is a probable participation of this wild animal in the natural Toxoplasma life cycle.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Mice , Rats , Toxoplasma/physiology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology , Mice, Inbred Strains , Disease Susceptibility , Immunity, Innate , Mesocricetus , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , SigmodontinaeABSTRACT
Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of pheromone extract of female bagworms,Oiketicus kirbyi (Guilding), revealed five EAD-active compounds. Retention index calculations, GC-mass spectrometry in both full-scan and selected-ion monitoring modes and GC-EAD analyses of authentic standards identified the compounds as 1-methylbutyl octanoate (MBO), 1-methylbutyl nonanoate (MBN), 1-methylbutyl decanoate (MBD), 1-methylpentyl decanoate (MPD), and 1-methylbutyl dodecanoate (MBDD). Of these five chiral esters, MBD was most abundant in extracts and elicited the strongest antennal response. In field experiments in Costa Rica, (R)-MBD attractedO. kirbyi males, whereas (S)-MBD in combination with (R)-MBD inhibited response.R but notS enantiomers of MBO, MBN, and MBDD strongly synergized attraction to (R)-MBD. (S)-MBO and (S)-MBDD were inactive, whereas (S)-MBN was inhibitory. (R)-, (S)- and racemic MPD were inactive. Blends of (R)-MBD in ternary combination with either (R)-MBO and (R)-MBN or (R)-MBN and (R)-MBDD were as attractive as the five-ester blend. Five- and four-ester blends were equally attractive, suggesting redundancy of pheromone components for attraction of males. The multiple sex pheromone component blend of chiral esters inO. kirbyi may have evolved to maintain species-specific communication in bagworm communities of tropical Americas.
ABSTRACT
Four children with arteriovenous malformation were studied during a two year period (1989-1991). The main localization of these arteriovenous malformations were: sigmoid rectum, ascending colon, terminal ileum and apoendix. The diagnosis was made with colonoscopy and arteriography. The surgical resection was the procedure of choice.
Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis , Intestines/blood supply , Arteriovenous Malformations/complications , Arteriovenous Malformations/therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
This is the case of a 15 year old adolescent girl who refers recurrent chronic abdominal pain for a period of three months. She was diagnosed as having a chronic pancreatic pseudocyst, seen as a complication of an episode of hemorrhage acute pancreatitis secondary to the administration of L-asparaginase for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The abdominal ultrasonography allowed for a pre-operatory diagnosis to be made. An internal drainage and a cystogastrostomy were the procedures of choice. A review of the literature is included on the physiopathology, clinical history, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic conduct to be followed.
Subject(s)
Pancreatic Pseudocyst/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Asparaginase/adverse effects , Female , Hemorrhage/complications , Hemorrhage/etiology , Humans , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/etiology , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/surgery , Pancreatitis/complications , Pancreatitis/etiology , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , ReoperationABSTRACT
This report includes two cases of omental cysts, with detailed clinical and radiological findings. The main clinical finding in these patients was a massive cystic growth, producing an increase in abdominal volume undistinguishable from ascites. In both cases the preoperative diagnosis was done using abdominal ultrasonography. Although omental cysts are infrequent, it should be thought of as a possibility in the differential diagnosis in children with intraabdominal fluid. Omental cysts; intraabdominal cystic masses; abdominal ultrasound.
Subject(s)
Cysts/diagnosis , Omentum , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Peritoneal Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
A case of a three year old child with an angiodysplasia (arterial venous malformation) localized in the sigmoidal rectum is reported. The malformation caused chronic recurrent rectal hemorrhaging. Colonoscopy was the procedure used to diagnose the problem which was later corroborated by arteriography. The affected area was removed.
Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Colon, Sigmoid/blood supply , Rectum/blood supply , Arteriovenous Malformations/complications , Child, Preschool , Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials/diagnostic imaging , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Humans , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
White mice previously infected with 10(2), 10(3) or 10(4) Eimeria falciformis oocysts on days 0, 5, 10 or 30 were inoculated per os with 10(1), 10(2), 10(3) or 10(4) Toxoplasma oocysts. While the results obtained for mice with higher Toxoplasma inocula were consistent, animals with 10(1) and 10(2) oocysts previous inoculation with Eimeria showed important differences related with those infected only with Toxoplasma. For example, survival time was higher in animals infected with both parasites, especially if inoculated with Eimeria 30 days before Toxoplasma infection. Furthermore the number of T. gondii cysts found in the animals previously infected with Eimeria was lower compared with mice inoculated with Toxoplasma only. Body weight of mice infected with Toxoplasma previous infection with Eimeria was almost normal in relation to those infected only with Toxoplasma, indicating a probable pathological effect due to the parasite, more evident in "non immunized" mice.
Subject(s)
Coccidiosis/mortality , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/mortality , Animals , Brain/parasitology , Coccidiosis/physiopathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Toxoplasma/growth & development , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/transmissionABSTRACT
The authors carried out a study of renal echotomography as a diagnostic technique for renal expansive processes. The reliability of the results obtained, the simple technique, its absolute harmlessness and the low cost are tending to give echotomography an increasingly important place in the differential diagnosis of renal masses. This limits, without eliminating, the indications for arteriography and exploratory surgery. It should in no way be considered to be in competition with radiography, but rather as an excellent complementary technique. By the use of apparatuses giving moving images, our group obtained 96.4 per cent of success in liquid masses and 90.3 per cent of success in solid masses.
