ABSTRACT
Inhalation or aspiration of a foreign body (FB) occurs relatively frequently in young children. The size, shape, type and site of arrest of the FB lead to variability in the clinical picture. The present study included data from 65 cases of FB inhalation presenting over 1 year at the Children's Hospital Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina, compared with information from four well-known published case series chosen as representative of other cultural and geographical backgrounds: the USA, Europe, North Africa (Egypt) and Asia (India). The mean age of children studied was 4.03 years. Injuries happened mainly at home (53 cases [81.54%]) and under adult supervision (59 cases [90.77%]). The most frequently inhaled FB was nuts, however, in contrast to previous reports, the majority of incidents involved inhalation of an inorganic, rather than an organic (food) FB. Complications included pneumonia (three cases), atelectasis (two cases) and pneumonitis (one case). No deaths were recorded. These data suggest that children play with objects inappropriate for their age, such as pins and nails, that adults may not be aware of the choking risks, and that more effort is required in educating caregivers about these risks.
Subject(s)
Asphyxia/etiology , Foreign Bodies/complications , Pneumonia/etiology , Pulmonary Atelectasis/etiology , Adult , Airway Obstruction , Asphyxia/therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Foreign Bodies/therapy , Humans , Infant , Male , Pneumonia/therapy , Pulmonary Atelectasis/therapy , Risk Factors , Survival RateABSTRACT
Fibrous dysplasia is characterized by a progressive replacement of normal bone elements by fibrous tissue. It is seen in the two first decades of life and is equally distributed in relation to the sex of patients. The temporal bone is involved in 18% of the cases. Fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone is more commonly manifested in the external auditory canal (80%) and the inner and medium ear can also be involved. Sarcomatous alterations are rare. Diagnosis is based on radiological images. Treatment is conservative and surgery is reserved for preserving function and preventing complications. The case of a male patient, 16 years old, who presented with progressive hearing loss over a 1-year period is reported.
Subject(s)
Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic , Temporal Bone , Adolescent , Diagnosis, Differential , Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic/complications , Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic/diagnosis , Hearing Loss/etiology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Facial nerve neurinoma is a benign tumor, infrequent and exceptional in children. It's clinical manifestation depends on its location and extension, facial palsy being its most frequent sign. Complementary examinations, namely image-diagnosis studies and audiometric tests become essential. Certain diagnosis is made by pathological anatomy. The reported case is a 13-year-old patient suffering from left peripheral facial palsy with an evolution of 8 months who went through a middle cerebral fossa and transmastoid combined tract.
Subject(s)
Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/diagnosis , Facial Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Facial Nerve , Neurilemmoma/diagnosis , Adolescent , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/pathology , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Facial Nerve Diseases/pathology , Facial Nerve Diseases/surgery , Facial Paralysis/diagnosis , Facial Paralysis/etiology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Neurilemmoma/pathology , Neurilemmoma/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
With increased medical surveillance comes increased concern about the legal and ethical issues that surround it. This chapter addresses five major issues surrounding medical surveillance in the workplace.
