ABSTRACT
Typically small animal radiological images are obtained after placing the animal in the center of the imaging device using beds or platforms, and then adjusting the position after obtaining a scout image. Such a process does not permit the reproducible visualization of the same anatomical plane with repeated examinations. We have developed a device that allows stereotaxic placement of an animal in precisely the same position for repeated examinations. The instrument incorporates a full range of physiological monitoring and life support systems including temperature control, anesthesia delivery and respiratory monitoring. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the accuracy and reliability of this device is demonstrated in a rat traumatic brain injury (TBI) model.
Subject(s)
Brain Injuries/pathology , Brain/pathology , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Stereotaxic Techniques/instrumentation , Animals , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
A well-performed below-knee amputation can result in a high level of patient satisfaction and function. The potential for a successful result and independent ambulation is good after a transtibial amputation, with approximately 70% to 100% of patients being able to ambulate independently after this procedure. A properly fitted and appropriately designed prosthesis is integral to the achievement of these goals. The approaches and techniques discussed here are essential in optimally preparing the residual limb for prosthetic fitting. Attention to factors such as the preoperative evaluation and the surgical technique can ensure the best possible outcome for amputation patients.
Subject(s)
Amputation Stumps , Amputation, Surgical/methods , Artificial Limbs , Leg/surgery , Preoperative Care/methods , Humans , Postoperative Care , Prosthesis Fitting , Surgical Flaps , Tibia/surgery , United StatesABSTRACT
Continued research and clinical advances have allowed clinicians to diagnose injuries of the tarsometatarsal joint earlier and with greater precision than in previous eras and have promoted refinements of the surgical procedures used in their treatment. For patients with such injuries, these advances should result in improved function and a substantial decrease in morbidity.
Subject(s)
Toe Joint/injuries , Algorithms , Foot Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Foot Injuries/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Humans , Toe Joint/diagnostic imaging , Toe Joint/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
There are few reports in the literature documenting the efficacy of isolated arthrodesis for inflammatory arthritis of the talonavicular joint. Accordingly, we reviewed a single surgeon's experience with this procedure in twenty consecutive cases from this patient population. A technique using indirect joint distraction and the combined use of screw and staple fixation was employed. Solid arthrodesis was noted radiographically in 19 of 20 feet (95%) at an average of 11 weeks. Complications included one non-union, one deep venous thrombosis, and one superficial wound infection. Objective results were graded as excellent in 16 cases, good in 3 cases, and poor in one case. Subjectively, 18 patients were satisfied and one patient dissatisfied with the results of the procedure. It is concluded that isolated arthrodesis is an effective procedure for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis of the talonavicular joint, offering significant pain relief and improved function. Additionally, the use of indirect joint distraction and fixation with screws and staples is a reliable technique associated with an excellent fusion rate.
Subject(s)
Arthritis/surgery , Arthrodesis/methods , Joints/surgery , Talus/surgery , Tarsal Bones/surgery , Adult , Aged , Arthralgia/surgery , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/surgery , Arthrodesis/adverse effects , Arthrodesis/instrumentation , Arthrography , Bone Screws , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Satisfaction , Reproducibility of Results , Surgical Wound Infection/etiology , Sutures , Talus/diagnostic imaging , Tarsal Bones/diagnostic imaging , Venous Thrombosis/etiologySubject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement/adverse effects , Collateral Ligaments/pathology , Elbow Joint/surgery , Joint Instability/etiology , Tendons/transplantation , Biomechanical Phenomena , Collateral Ligaments/surgery , Elbow Joint/pathology , Female , Humans , Joint Instability/surgery , Middle Aged , Range of Motion, Articular , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Numerous orthopedic disorders involve periaxial rotation of long bones. We have developed and evaluated a computer-assisted method that segments a bone from X-ray CT, graphically unwraps the bone around its long axis into a surface plot (signature landscape), and measures periaxial rotation as the translation shift of the landscape. Bones in known rotations and partially segmented surfaces were used, respectively, to test accuracy and problematic situations in bone segmentation. METHOD: CT images of three chicken femora at known rotations were analyzed to determine their relative periaxial rotations, which were compared with the known rotations. RESULTS: The regression slope between measured and expected periaxial rotations was 1.005 +/- 0.003, with a maximum discrepancy of 2 degrees for same-bone and 3 degrees for interbone comparisons. Rasterization artifacts and the use of partial surfaces (with < 40% surface omission) resulted in a < 3 and < 1 degree error, respectively. CONCLUSION: The current method provides accurate and objective periaxial rotation measurements of a long bone.
