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1.
Hist Psychol ; 19(2): 154-168, 2016 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26914742

ABSTRACT

Since the university education of psychologists began in Spain in 1954, the history of psychology course has been included in the curriculum. In the first few years, only half of the curricula offered the course. From 1973 to 2007, the universities' organization and regulation underwent successive reforms that involved changes in the curricula, decreeing specific national guidelines for each degree and establishing a minimum set of common required courses, called core courses, including the history of psychology. In 2007, the European Higher Education Area was set up, transforming the 5-year bachelor's degrees into 4-year degrees and eliminating the required guidelines, with each university being able to define the content of their curricula. The Dean's Conference for Psychology agreed on some recommendations related to core courses, which continued to include the history of psychology and were adopted by the majority of the universities. In 2015, the government established a new national regulation that makes it possible for each university to voluntarily reduce the length of the bachelor's degree to 3 years. Some psychology historians believe that this hypothetical reduction in the length of the degree, along with the already existing general tendency to prioritize applied or practical courses over basic or fundamental ones, could produce an appropriate scenario for the disappearance of the history of psychology course in some universities.


Subject(s)
Curriculum/trends , Psychology/education , Psychology/history , Universities/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Spain
2.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 12(supl.2): 320-326, 2000. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-150160

ABSTRACT

La investigación estadística de accidentes de tráfico es un elemento clave en la toma de decisiones sobre aspectos de seguridad vial: permite racionalizar la asignación de recursos y ofrece bases para el diseño y la evaluación de medidas destinadas a mejorar el nivel de seguridad en el tráfico. La recogida sistemática de datos sobre siniestros de circulación es la base sobre la que desarrolla esa actividad científica. Esa fase inicial del proceso es esencial desde el punto de vista de la calidad y el tipo de información disponible, por ello se ha insistido en la necesidad de mejorar los criterios y procedimientos utilizados para la recogida. En general, esa tarea es realizada por personal no especializado, en el marco de una actuación más amplia y compleja cuya prioridad no pasa por la cumplimentación de partes o protocolos de registro estadístico. La valoración de la gravedad de los daños humanos, la calificación del tipo de evento o la estimación de las causas, son algunos ejemplos de información difícil de cumplimentar, ya sea por falta de pericia, por problemas en el diseño de los instrumentos o por diferencias de interpretación en los criterios de empleo. En qué medida circunstancias de ese tipo afectan la fiabilidad de los datos es un problema metodológico de importancia, con implicancias evidentes sobre la calidad global de las investigaciones. En este trabajo se realiza una evaluación de las dificultades y sesgos involucrados en la recogida de datos sobre accidentes de tráfico en autopista, con especial referencia a la actuación del personal técnico. Se presentan ejemplificaciones a partir de datos reales provenientes de partes de accidentalidad y se derivan algunas implicancias prácticas para la mejora (AU)


Traffic Accident Analysis is a key element in road safety research and actuation. Help to assign resources, take decisions about priorities of intervention and evaluate these interventions. In this context, data quality is a fundamental aspect to take account when using this type of data. Generally speaking data is recollected by police officers or, in some occasions, other different staff. Normally the prior objective of this data is administrative, and not researcher’s interests are taking in consideration. Moreover some fields of information are complex and difficult to estimate for different reasons (i.e. severity of lesions or cause of accident). All this questions have important methodological implications, affecting the quality of research. This communication presents an evaluation of a real process of traffic accident data collection, evaluating the data quality and principal difficulties of the process. Practical implications of the results are take into consideration (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Bias , Roads/statistics & numerical data , Quality Improvement/trends , Emergency Responders/statistics & numerical data
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