ABSTRACT
Background: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is one of the most common childhood disorder that necessitates presentation to the ear nose and throat specialist. The disorder may be managed conservatively or by surgery. Aim: To highlight the clinical presentation and surgical treatment outcome of patients managed for adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The case records of patients managed for adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy were reviewed from January 2013 to December 2017 at the Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery Ahmadu Bello University Teaching hospital Zaria, - Northwestern Nigeria. Case notes with incomplete information and /or missing pages were excluded. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (for windows, version 23). Results: There were 56 (55.4%) males and 45 (44.6%) females with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Their ages ranged from 2-16 years with a mean and standard deviation of 4.0 and 3.2 respectively. The most common symptom at presentation was snoring 85 (84.2%) followed by rhinorrhea 81(80.2%). Findings from the radiologic investigations revealed that majority of the patients had severely narrowed nasopharyngeal air column 83(82,2%) Adenotonsillectomy was the most common surgery performed on most of the patients 63(62.4%) who presented with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Majority of the patients 95(94.1%) had resolution of symptoms within the period of follow up. Four (4.0%) of them had recurrent adenoidal growth. Conclusion: Snoring, rhinorrhea and mouth breathing were the most common symptoms of adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The outcome of adenotonsillar surgeries in our patients is good, with the majority having resolution of symptoms.
ABSTRACT
Background: Recently, the incidence of head and neck cancers are on the increase globally and particularly in our environment. In addition, concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy has become widely used in the treatment of head and neck malignancies. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cisplatin-based chemotherapy on hearing in patients with head and neck cancers at our University Teaching Hospital. Methodology: This was a hospital-based longitudinal case-control study that involved 54 participants attending the oncology treatment centre of the University Teaching Hospital Zaria. The study investigated the hearing threshold and degree of hearing loss pre and post cisplatin-based chemotherapy at intervals of 3 months and 6 months. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS)version 20. Results: Seventy-two participants were recruited into the study, but 54 (75%) participants met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled and as well as same age and sex match controls. Thirty-one31(57.4%) of the participants had a nasopharyngeal tumour, 14(25.9%) had Sinonasal tumour and 9(16.7%) had Laryngeal tumour. Among the study group, there were 39 males (72.2%) and 15 females (27.8%) with an M: F ratio of 2.6:1. The age of the participants ranged from 13-68 years. (Mean =40.3years. SD=13.6). Assessment of hearing in the better ear showed 22 (40.7%) of subjects and 6 (11.1%) of controls had hearing loss before the onset of the study. The majority of these patients had mild hearing loss either mixed or SNHL. In the study group, 32(29.6%) ears showed changes in hearing threshold after 3 months of cisplatin therapy while68(62.9%) ears showed changes at 6 months of therapy. The overall incidence of ototoxicity after 6 months of therapy was 62.9%. Conclusion: This study found a significant number of head and neck cancers patients with hearing impairment pre-chemotherapy. Cisplatin treatment-based chemotherapy was associated with significant short term hearing impairment in patients with head and neck cancers.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hearing impairment is a major public health problem in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization,approximately 15% of the world's adult population has some degree of hearing loss. About onethird of those who are affected have disabling hearing loss and twothird of them live in developing countries. Aim: This study aims to determine the causes and pattern of hearing loss in Zaria, North Western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at ear, nose,and throat unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna Nigeria. The hospital is a tertiary healthcare facility in North Western Nigeria and is a referral center to many primary, secondary, tertiary and private health facilities in Nigeria. The records of all patients who were managed for hearing loss in our unit over a period of 5 years between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed. Information obtained from the case files included demographic characteristics, main presenting symptoms, and causes of hearing loss. Findings of pure tone audiograms, tympanograms, and otoacoustic emission were also recorded. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical package for Social Science Version 21. Results: Of the 277 patients who presented with hearing loss,only 144 met the inclusion criteria. There were 86 (59.7%) males and 58 (40.3%) females with sex ratio (M:F) of 1.4:1. The mean age was 29.9 years with standard deviation of ±2.18. The most common cause of hearing loss was presbyacusis 24 (16.7%) followed by ototoxicity 14 (9.7%), most of the patients 91 (63.2%) had bilateral hearing loss while 53 (36.8%) had unilateral hearing loss. Majority 112 (77.8%) had sensorineural hearing loss, followed by 24 (16.7%) conductive and mixed 8 (5.5%). Majority of the patients 94 (64.3%) had mild to moderately severe with the remaining 50 (34.7%) having severe to profound hearing losses, respectively. Tympanometric findings showed that 118 (90.8%) and 11 (8.5%) had Types A and B tympanograms, respectively. Conclusion: Majority of the patients were adult with bilateral mild to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss. Agerelated hearing loss was the most common cause of hearing loss followed by ototoxicity
