ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the differences in management approach to femoral versus inguinal hernias and to identify patient characteristics associated with each hernia type. METHODS: Imaging studies for patients who had undergone dynamic ultrasound evaluation for the symptom of groin pain between January 1, 2010, and March 31, 2019, at a single institution Musculoskeletal Department were analyzed. Positive femoral hernia imaging studies were compared to studies for inguinal hernias and matching medical records for imaging studies were analyzed. Association of patient characteristics (age, sex, smoking, diabetes) with hernia type was assessed. Primary outcomes were surgical versus non-surgical approach, type of surgery, number of follow-up visits, and pain resolution. RESULTS: A total of 1319 patients presented with groin pain and were assessed with dynamic ultrasound (534 female; 785 male; mean [± SD] age 48.2 ± 16.5). While 409 (31.0%) patients had a femoral hernia detected, 666 (50.6%) had an inguinal hernia detected (p < .05). Significantly more inguinal hernias were surgically repaired than femoral hernias (65.0% vs 53.9% p = .008), and more inguinal hernias than femoral hernias were treated with open surgery (71.0% vs 57.7%; p = .014). Patients with femoral hernias had significantly more follow-up clinic visits than patients with inguinal hernias (mean [± SD] 2.65 ± 4.80 vs 1.76 ± 1.27; p = .010). No difference in the percentage of patients who had pain resolution was observed (82.2% inguinal vs 75.0% femoral; p = .13). CONCLUSIONS: Femoral hernias were managed more conservatively than inguinal hernias at our institution.
Subject(s)
Hernia, Femoral , Hernia, Inguinal , Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hernia, Inguinal/diagnostic imaging , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Hernia, Femoral/diagnostic imaging , Hernia, Femoral/surgery , Herniorrhaphy/methods , Ultrasonography , Pelvic Pain/etiology , Retrospective StudiesSubject(s)
Hemochromatosis , Apgar Score , Fatal Outcome , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , ParityABSTRACT
The problems arising in the modeling and coding of digital Chinese character patterns for noiseless compression purposes are discussed. The modeling is intended to capture the maximum redundancies of the source under the consideration of relevant parameters. In this study, a redundancy-gathering algorithm is proposed in which a 2-D parsing tree is used, and the nodes to extend the tree are ranked according to the maximum redundancy gathered. Hence, the modeling represented by the tree can achieve great performance in the small number of nodes. The algorithm is then applied to evaluate the performance of arithmetic coding for digital Chinese character patterns. The results are compared to those of the traditional compression methods. In the same complexity, the authors find that their algorithm can improve the coding efficiency as high as 25.54%, 30.23%, 32.17%, 15.90%, and 27.58%, for five Chinese fonts, respectively.
ABSTRACT
Papillary carcinoma is the most common of the carcinomas of the thyroid gland, but it is also the one with the best prognosis. At the present, diagnosis is best done by fine needle aspiration, and treatment by surgical resection. With recent advances in molecular and cellular biology, diagnosis and therapy in the future may depend on micromolecular technologies. The prognosis is promising for increased success in the treatment of papillary carcinoma.
