[A rare cause of spontaneous hemoperitoneum in adults: ruptured cystic hemolymphangioma]. / Cause exceptionnelle d'hémoperitoine spontané chez l'adulte: hémolymphangiome kystique rompu.

Hemolymphangioma is a benign tumor resulting from the abnormal development of the lymphatic vessels associated with vascular malformations. 50% to 60% of these tumours are present at birth. Cervical forms are most frequent. Abdominales locations are very rare. We report, through a literature review, two cases of patients with cystic hemolymphangioma of the spleen revealed by spontaneous haemoperitoneum admitted to the Emergency Department of Visceral Surgery. The first case is a 50-year old patient and the second is 20-year old man admitted to the emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain associated with dullness to percussion on the dependent side and abdominal distension associated with haemorrhagic shock, pallor, unobtainable pulse, stabilized after a short resuscitation time respectively. All patients underwent complete tumor resection. The diagnosis of cystic hemolymphangioma of the spleen was based on anatomopathological examination of the surgical specimens. Hemolymphangioma is a rare tumor with a favorable prognosis. Some cases of spontaneous regression have been reported, but evolution is usually characterized by slow tumor growth. Malignant transformation never occurs. Treatment is surgical. Prognosis is subjected to complications, quality of the surgical excision and recurrences which are frequent especially after incomplete excision.