Lipofuscin, homocysteine and tissue polypeptide specific antigen in gestational hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study were to assess the levels of lipofuscin (parameter of oxidative stress), homocysteine (as a marker of vascular injury) and tissue specific antigen - TPS - (as a marker of cell proliferation) in relation to arterial pressure of pregnant woman. STUDY DESIGN: Healthy pregnant women (n=18), women with mild 140/90=< RR<160/100 (n=19), and severe 160/100=

Rheological properties of red blood cells in kidney transplant recipients: the role of lipid profile and type of immunosuppresion.

INTRODUCTION: The main rheological properties of red blood cells (RBC) are deformability and aggregability. Deformability is one of the most important factors of RBC flow in high-shear rate areas, especially in the microcirculation. Aggregability of erythrocytes can impair circulation in low-shear rate areas. Both deformability and aggregability of RBC are abnormal in patients with renal insufficiency and after kidney transplantation. Cyclosporine (CsA) and less frequently tacrolimus (Tc) may cause hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Dobiasova et al proposed the term Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), defined as a log (TG/HDL-C). Subjects with high AIP have and higher risk of cardiovascular complications due to atherosclerosis. Hence the aim of this study was to compare aggregability and deformability of RBC from kidney transplant recipients on CsA or Tc-based immunosuppression with healthy volunteers and subjects with dyslipidemia (control groups). Both control and transplant recipient groups were arbitrarily divided by value of AIP as < or = 0 (AIP-) or >0 (AIP+). Deformability and aggregability of erythrocytes were measured using Rheodyn SSD and Myrenne Aggregometer, respectively. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase in aggregation index at stasis in CsA-treated patients and an increased deformability in Tc-treated patients with negative AIP. Deterioration of hemorheological properties of RBC in kidney transplant recipients was confined to an increased aggregability in CsA-treated patients regardless of AIP value. An increased deformability of RBC in Tc-treated patients with normal lipid profiles may suggest a positive effect of Tc on mechanical properties of RBC.

Organ preservation solutions impair deformability of erythrocytes in vitro.

Microcirculatory disturbances are observed frequently after restoration of the circulation in transplanted organ. The exact mechanisms responsible for impaired microcirculation during reperfusion are unknown. Erythrocyte deformability is an important factor maintaining the microcirculation. Red blood cells (RBC) (diameter 8 microm) passing through narrow capillaries (diameter 3-5 microm) undergo deformation due to shear stress present in the microcirculation. RBC with impaired deformability may even plug the capillaries. Immediately after completion a vascular anastomosis and restoration of blood circulation in the transplanted organ, RBC may be intimately exposed to the preservation solution. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the preservation solution on deformability of RBC. Blood from five healthy volunteers was withdrawn by venipuncture from an antecubital vein. EDTA was used as an anticoagulant. RBC were isolated by 10-minute centrifugation (2500 rpm) to separate serum and buffy coat. RBC washed in normal saline were resuspended in autologous plasma, Bretschneider's histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) or University of Wisconsin solution (UW) at an hematocrit of 20% for incubation at room temperature. After 30 minutes RBC deformability was measured using the shear stress diffractometer Rheodyn SSD to calculate the elongation indexes of RBC at various shear stresses. HTK caused a decrease in the deformability indices of erythrocytes at shear stresses from 0.3 to 1.2 Pa. Erythrocytes incubated with UW solution revealed a decrease in deformability index at all investigated shear stresses. HTK causes less deterioration of erythrocyte deformability compared to UW solution.

Red blood cells deformability and oxidative stress in acute pancreatitis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the RBC deformability and oxidative stress parameters during acute pancreatitis. Healthy volunteers and patients with mild or severe acute pancreatitis were evaluated. There were no changes in erythrocyte's deformability in patients with mild acute pancreatitis. In severe acute pancreatitis loss of deformability of erythrocytes was observed. Serum lipofuscin level increased both in mild and severe form of the disease. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in erythrocytes from mild and severe form without systemic complications and was positively correlated with erythrocyte's deformability in a severe form of acute pancreatitis. Significant positive correlation between serum total antioxidant status and deformability of erythrocytes in healthy humans and negative correlation in mild pancreatitis were found.

[The influence of controlled ethanol consumption on whole blood and plasma viscosity]. / Wplyw kontrolowanego spozycia etanolu na lepkosc krwi i osocza.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to establish whether the single controlled ethanol consumption changes hemorrheological parameters. It has not been clear whether single alcohol intake in well controlled experimental conditions has had an influence on hemorrheological parameters. Twenty nine healthy men volunteers aged 20-30 have been examined. All volunteers have showed normal renal and hepatic function tests and have not suffered from hematological or cardiovascular diseases. The examined men have been randomly divided in two groups: the examined one: 19 persons aged 21-30 years, and the control group aged 20-28 years. The examined group has been treated with ethanol in quantity of one gram per kg of body weight during ten minutes. After one and half, three and five hours after the alcohol consumption fast venous blood samples with K2EDTA as an anticoagulant have been drown from anticubital vein. The following parameters have been determined before drinking ethanol and after at one and half, three and five hours: whole blood viscosity at 1s-1 divided by 300s-1, the plasma viscosity, the corrected--for--hematocrit 45% viscosity of blood, yield stress--calculated from Casson's equation on the basis of flow curve, blood morphology, arterial pressure and heart rate. The hematocrit-corrected viscosity has been remarkably elevated after 1.5 and 3 hours at all shear rates (e.g. from 20.6 +/- 2.0 mPas before to 25.1 +/- 2.5 mPas after 1.5 h from ethanol consumption; p < 0.001). Yield stress of blood has been increased after ethanol consumption too. Plasma viscosity has been significantly higher after five hours. In controls there have not been any time depended changes in rheological and hematological parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The controlled consumption of ethanol in quantity of 1 gram per 1 kg of body weight has caused the following changes in hemorheological parameters: increase of corrected--for--45% hematocrit--whole blood viscosity, increase of plasma viscosity and increase of yeald stress.

[Red blood cell's deformability in obstructive jaundice]. / Odksztalcalnosc krwinek czerwonych w zóltaczce mechanicznej.

UNLABELLED: Several factors with well known haemorheological consequences are identified in obstructive jaundice e.g.: hyperlipidemia, endotoxemia, changes in oxidant-antioxidant status. Previous investigations have shown the decrease of red blood cell deformability. They have been assessed by filtration technique in obstructive jaundice without the exclusion of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The aim of this study is the examination of red blood cell deformability by laser diffractometry in patients with obstructive jaundice. Seven patients with obstructive jaundice (total serum bilirubin 163 +/- 69 mmol/l) without systemic inflammatory response syndrome and 24 healthy adults underwent red blood cell deformability measurement by laser diffractometer Rheodyn SSD. Significant increase of elongation indexes of erythrocytes in all coagulation tensions has been observed. CONCLUSION: In obstructive jaundice the increase of erythrocyte deformability has been detected.

Tirilazad mesylate improve water immersion stress induced decrease in erythrocyte deformability in the rats.

BACKGROUND: Water immersion stress (WIS) in rats causes decrease in deformability of red blood cells (RBC). We hypothesize that this phenomenon is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Since tirilazad mesylate (U74006F) is a potent scavenger of free oxygen radicals, the aim of this study was to investigate possible influence of this drug on WIS induced decrease in RBC deformability in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The rats were injected i.p. with tirilazad mesylate in a dose of 10 mg per kg body weight or vehiculum at the beginning of the experiment and immersed in water at 23 degrees C to the depth of xyphoid for 5 h. Control rats were kept in normal environment. After 6 h blood samples were collected for examination. An elongation index of RBC measured by Rheodyn SSD (Myrenne GmbH, Germany) was used as a parameter of deformability. Lipid peroxidation products have been assayed in RBC by BIOXYTECH LPO-586 kit. RESULTS: Tirilazad mesylate prevents a decrease in RBC deformability, but does not prevent an increase in concentration of lipid peroxidation products in erythrocytes during WIS. CONCLUSION: Positive effect of tirilazad on stress induced decrease in RBC deformability is not related to inhibition of lipid peroxidation within the erythrocytes.

[Influence of some infusion fluids on red blood cells deformity in vitro]. / Wplyw najczesciej stosowanych plynów infuzyjnych na odksztalcalnosc erytrocytów in vitro.

The aim of this study was in vitro investigation of the influence of following infusion liquids: 20% human albumin, 5% dextran 40,000, 10% hydroxyethylstarch, 0.9% NaCl and Ringer lactate solution on red cell blood corpuscles deformability (elongation index). Examinations were compared with erythrocytes suspended in autologous plasma. Infusion liquids were added to red blood cells suspension and incubated during 30 minutes at 37 degrees C. The erythrocyte deformability was measured by shear stress defractometer Rheodyn SSD. We observed the slight increase of erythrocyte deformability under the influence of hydroxyethylstarch and lactate buffered Ringer solution.

[The value of lipofuscin determination in blood at the pathophysiologic clinic--literature review]. / Wartosc oznaczania lipofuscyny we krwi w patofizjologii klinicznej--przeglad pismiennictwa.

Lipofuscin is a conjugated Schiff base delivered from reaction of malonylodialdehyde with proteins, amino acids and phosphatidylethanolamines. It emits yellow-green autofluorescence in ultraviolet light. It is believed to be one of the parameters of oxidation stress in vivo. Increased amount of lipofuscin in the blood has been found in uremia, diabetes, aging process, adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure.

Effect of controlled ethanol intake on arterial blood pressure, heart rate and red blood cells deformability.

UNLABELLED: Although blood pressure is in most cases determined genetically, environmental factors such as obesity or alcohol consumption are implicated in the development of hypertension. On the other hand it is well known that alcohol drinking and hypertension are associated with reduction of red blood cells deformability. AIM: To compare the effect of ethanol on arterial pressure and red cell deformability in well controlled experimental conditions. METHODS: Five healthy volunteers, men with age range between 26-38 underwent ethanol consumption 1.0 g per kg of body weight during 10 min period. Before and 90 min, 3 h and 5 h after ethanol consumption arterial pressure, heart rate, blood morphology, alcohol and acetaldehyde blood level and deformability index by Rheodyn SSD were measured. RESULTS: After ethanol consumption rise in ethanol and acetaldehyde blood levels and no changes in blood pressure, but significant increase in heart rate were observed. Elongation index of red blood cells at low shear rates has not been changed. At shear stresses of 12.0, 30.0 and 60 Pa significant increase in elongation index of erythrocytes after 1.5 hour of ethanol intake had occurred.

[Sepsis in surgery: pathogenesis, new therapeutic approaches]. / Posocznica w chirurgii: patogeneza, nowe mozliwosci terapeutyczne.

Sepsis and septic shock are phenomena with a characteristic clinical picture and etiologically related to injury. Chains of events from injury (e.g., infection) through activation of immunological system to multiple organ failure are responsible for sepsis. Neutralization of endotoxins, TNF, interleukins and so on, can improve the treatment of sepsis in the future.

[Abdominal resection of rectal cancer]. / Wyciecie brzuszne odbytnicy z powodu raka.

Preservation of anal sphincters in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer is often controversial as far as an extent of surgery, incidence of complications and an increase in mortality rate in perioperative period are concerned. The study was aimed at results of the retrospective analysis of patients, who undergone abdominal excision of the rectum for malignant tumours. Totally 136 patients were operated. Perioperative mortality rate was 5.14%. Totally 26.4% of patients survived for at least 5 years, including 80% of patients operated in A stage of cancer, according to Duke, and 43.3% of patients with tumour in B stage. An emphasis is on the necessity to leave a 2-centimeter margin of healthy tissues around the tumour, provided, that the result of intraoperative histological examination was negative. Such a margin is sufficient for anastomosis. Low anastomoses do not produce early complications and recurrences.