ABSTRACT
Development of sensing technology with wearable chemical sensors is realizing non-invasive, real-time monitoring healthcare and disease diagnostics. The advanced sensor devices should be compact and portable for use in limited space, easy to wear on human body, and low-cost for personalized healthcare markets. Here, we report a highly sensitive, flexible, and autonomously self-healable pH sensor cable developed by weaving together two carbon fiber thread electrodes coated with mechanically robust self-healing polymers. The pH sensor cable showed excellent electrochemical performances of sensitivity, repeatability, and durability. Spontaneous and autonomous sensor healing efficiency of the pH sensor cable was demonstrated by measuring sensitivity during four cycles of cutting and healing process. The pH sensor cable could measure pH in small volumes of real human fluid samples, including urine, saliva, and sweat, and the results were similar to those of a commercial pH meter. Taken together, successful real-time pH monitoring for human sweat was demonstrated by fabricating a wearable sensing system in which the pH sensor cable was knitted into a headband integrated with wireless electronics.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , Saliva/chemistry , Sweat/chemistry , Urine/chemistry , Wearable Electronic Devices , Carbon Fiber/chemistry , Electrodes , Equipment Design , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Polymers/chemistryABSTRACT
Sensors with autonomous self-healing properties offer enhanced durability, reliability, and stability. Although numerous self-healing polymers have been attempted, achieving sensors with fast and reversible recovery under ambient conditions with high mechanical toughness remains challenging. Here, a highly sensitive wearable sensor made of a robust bio-based supramolecular polymer that is capable of self-healing via hydrogen bonding is presented. The integration of carbon fiber thread into a self-healing polymer matrix provides a new toolset that can easily be knitted into textile items to fabricate wearable sensors that show impressive self-healing efficiency (>97.0%) after 30 s at room temperature for K+/Na+ sensing. The wearable sweat-sensor system-coupled with a wireless electronic circuit board capable of transferring data to a smart phone-successfully monitors electrolyte ions in human perspiration noninvasively in real time, even in the healed state during indoor exercise. Our smart sensors represent an important advance toward futuristic personalized healthcare applications.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques , Electrolytes/isolation & purification , Ions/isolation & purification , Sweat/chemistry , Electrolytes/chemistry , Humans , Hydrogen Bonding , Ions/chemistry , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Polymers/chemistry , Smartphone , Textiles , Wearable Electronic DevicesABSTRACT
The synthesis of a new series of 2-alkyl-4-pyrrolidinylthio-b-methylcarbapenems containing the substituted heteroaromatic moieties is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were tested. The effect of substituents on the nitrogen atoms at heteroaromatic rings was investigated. Particular compounds (14 b, 14 c) containing 3-methyl- and 3, 5-dimethylpyrazolethio substituted moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Carbapenems/chemical synthesis , Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/chemistry , Pyrrolidines/chemical synthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Carbapenems/chemistry , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Drug Stability , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Structure , Pyrrolidines/chemistry , Pyrrolidines/pharmacology , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The synthesis of new series of 1beta-methylcarbapenems having a 2, 2-disubstituted-1, 3-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octan- and -[4.3.0]nonan-4-one moiety is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of the substituent of the bicyclic ring was investigated. A particular compound (16 f) bearing a hydroxymethyl group showed the most potent antibacterial activity and the compound (17 a) with a 1, 3-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane moiety exhibited excellent stability against renal dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I) to Meropenem.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Carbapenems/chemical synthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Ketones , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The synthesis of a new series of 1beta-methylcarbapenems having the substituted thiazolopyrrolidine moiety is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive including MRSA and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituent on the thiazole ring was investigated. A particular compound (28c) having 4'-amide substituted thiazole moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Bacteria/drug effects , Carbapenems/chemical synthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Carbapenems/chemistry , Dipeptidases/metabolism , Indicators and Reagents , Kidney/enzymology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry , Methicillin Resistance , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The synthesis of a new series of 1beta-methylcarbapenems containing the substituted thiazolidinopyrrolidine moiety is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituent on the thiazolidine ring was investigated.A particular compound (18 c) having a 2-amide substituted thiazolidine moiety showed the most potent antibacterial activity.
