ABSTRACT
We have discovered a novel chemical compound, (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl) acrylamide, that suppresses the enzymatic activities of SARS coronavirus helicase. To determine the inhibitory effect, ATP hydrolysis and double-stranded DNA unwinding assays were performed in the presence of various concentrations of the compound. Through these assays, we obtained IC50 values of 2.09 ± 0.30 µM (ATP hydrolysis) and 13.2 ± 0.9 µM (DNA unwinding), respectively. Moreover, we found that the compound did not have any significant cytotoxicity when 40 µM of it was used. Our results showed that the compound might be useful to be developed as an inhibitor against SARS coronavirus.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/antagonists & inhibitors , DNA Helicases/drug effects , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/drug effects , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/enzymology , Adenosine Triphosphate , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification , Cell Line/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , DNA/antagonists & inhibitors , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Humans , Hydrolysis , Inhibitory Concentration 50ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the surgical outcomes as well as the morbidity and mortality of totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) compared to laparoscopically-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG), and to confirm the feasibility and safety of TLTG. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between August 2009 and January 2014, 56 patients underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Among them, 27 underwent TLTG using a linear stapler and 29 underwent LATG using a circular stapler for esophagojejunostomy. RESULTS: Clinicopathological characteristics did not differ significantly between groups, except for stage and tumor size. Anastomotic time and estimated blood loss did not differ significantly. Differences in the number of retrieved lymph nodes and the proximal cut margin were not found to be significant. Early postoperative complications were observed in five patients in both groups. No mortality occurred in either group. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of TLTG are not inferior to those of LATG. TLTG for gastric cancer is technically feasible and safe.
Subject(s)
Gastrectomy , Laparoscopy , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Aged , Female , Gastrectomy/adverse effects , Humans , Laparoscopy/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Morbidity , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology , Stomach Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
A new chemical inhibitor against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus helicase, 7-ethyl-8-mercapto-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, was identified. We investigated the inhibitory effect of the compound by conducting colorimetry-based ATP hydrolysis assay and fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based double-stranded DNA unwinding assay. The compound suppressed both ATP hydrolysis and double-stranded DNA unwinding activities of helicase with IC50 values of 8.66 ± 0.26 µM and 41.6 ± 2.3 µM, respectively. Moreover, we observed that the compound did not show cytotoxicity up to 80 µMconcentration. Our results suggest that the compound might serve as a SARS coronavirus inhibitor.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , DNA Helicases/antagonists & inhibitors , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/enzymology , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification , Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Hydrolysis , Inhibitory Concentration 50ABSTRACT
Subclavian venous catheterization was once widely used for volume resuscitation, emergency venous access, chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, and hemodialysis. However, its use has drastically reduced recently because of life-threatening complications such as hemothorax, pneumothorax. In this case, a patient admitted for a scheduled operation underwent right subclavian venous catheterization for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative volume resuscitation and parenteral nutrition. The procedure was performed by an experienced senior resident. Despite detecting slight resistance during the guidewire insertion, the resident continued the procedure to the point of being unable to advance or remove it, then attempted to forcefully remove the guidewire, but it broke and became entrapped within the thorax. We tried to remove the guidewire through infraclavicular skin incision but failed. So video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was used to remove the broken guidewire. This incident demonstrates the risks of subclavian venous catheterization and the importance of using a proper and gentle technique.
ABSTRACT
Subclavian venous catheterization was previously frequently performed, but because of life-threatening complications such as hemothorax, pneumothorax, mediastinal hematoma, and myocardial injury, its use has become less common. However, this practice has some advantages in patient mobility, secured dressing, and rapidity and adequacy of vascular access. In some situations where patient comfort is an especially important consideration, such as with totally implantable venous port insertion for chemotherapy, the subclavian route can be a good choice if an experienced and well-trained faculty is available. The authors have had recent experience with pinch-off syndrome-in other words, spontaneous catheter fracture-in 3 patients who had undergone venous port implantation through the right subclavian route. Through these cases, we intend to review the dangers of subclavian venous catheterization, the causes of pinch-off syndrome, and its clinical presentation, progress, treatments, and prevention.
