Census-derived estimates of fertility by duration since first marriage in the Republic of Korea.

This paper estimates ever-married birth rates by age and duration since first marriage and ever-married total fertility rates for the Republic of Korea, derived by applying an extension of the own-children method of fertility estimation to the 1975 and 1980 censuses. Since each census provides annual estimates for the 15-year period previous to enumeration, there is a ten-year period of overlapping estimates that facilitates checks for consistency and accuracy. Comparisons are also made with estimates derived from the 1974 Korea National Fertility Survey, which was part of the World Fertility Survey. The method works well, except in its application to the 1975 Census where the evidence suggests considerable misreporting of age at first marriage because of the way the question was asked and coded. Results confirm that ever-married fertility fell substantially in Korea between 1961 and 1980, with a temporary resurgence in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Ever-married fertility rose at younger ages and shorter durations and fell at older ages and longer durations. Ever-married fertility differentials by urban-rural residence and by education were usually in the expected direction, with urban fertility generally lower than rural fertility and the fertility of those with more education usually lower than the fertility of those with less education. Differential ever-married fertility by urban-rural residence and education declined over the estimation period.

Decomposition of the change in the total fertility rate in the Republic of Korea, 1960-1975.

PIP: Provides a statistical analysis of the changes in the total fertility rate (TFR) from 1960-1975 in Korea, based on samples taken from Censeses from 1960, 1966, 1970 and 1975. This constitutes a revision of earlier results to accord with new fertility estimates for 1966 and extends the decompositional analysis to the periods 1960-66 and 1970-75. Age specific birth rates and TFR's, specific for education and urban-rural residence, were estimated for each of the four Census years by means of the own-children method of fertility estimation. The own-children method is a reverse-survival method for estimating age-specific birth for years previous to enumeration and the procedure is described. Decompositions are then based on these own-children fertility estimates and this procedure is also described. The TFR in Korea declined by about 1.4 children per woman between 1960 and 1966, 0.3 children between 1966 and 1970, and 1.1 children between 1970 and 1975. A substantial portion of this decline is accounted for by changes in population composition by educational attainment. Controlling for education and residence, changes in marital status composition contributed to increase the TFR in 1960-66 and 1960-70 but to decrease it during 1970-75.^ieng

The Euiryong experiment: a Korean innovation in household contraceptive distribution.

Although contraceptive practice has increased substantially in Korea as a result of a strong national family planning program, surveys indicate the existence of an additional unmet demand. A number of obstacles tend to limit availability of family planning services and supplies. The effects of total availability are being tested in a three-year experiment in household contraceptive distribution, for which an exploratory study was carried out in 1975 in Euiryong gun. Three distribution systems were tried in three areas of Euiryong, each enlisting local women to canvass and distribute pills and condoms (and refer those desiring IUDs or sterilization to physician). Results of the preliminary test showed that household distribution was culturally acceptable and administratively feasible and that it did increase contraceptive use. Cost-effectiveness was considered to be within the range of the national program. The most successful of the three distribution systems is being applied in the main study, begun late in 1976 in Cheju province.