ABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Lonicera japonica Thunberg is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in East Asia as an anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agent. This study was designed to investigate the effects of HS-23, ethanol extract of the dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica, in experimental models of sepsis and elucidate the mechanisms of action of HS-23. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male ICR mice were intravenously administered HS-23 (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 0 (immediately) and 24 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for survival tests, and HS-23 (40 mg/kg) immediately after CLP for biochemical assays. RESULTS: HS-23 improved sepsis-induced mortality, enhanced bacterial clearance, and attenuated multiple organ failure. The mechanisms of action of HS-23 included attenuation of increased toll-like receptor (TLR)4 protein and mRNA expression. HS-23 suppressed sepsis-induced increases in protein expression of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in both liver and lung, as well as TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-ß and interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 protein expression in liver. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that HS-23 attenuated sepsis through suppression of TLR signaling pathways. Therefore, our findings suggest that HS-23 might be useful as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of sepsis.
Subject(s)
Lonicera/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Sepsis/drug therapy , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Lung/drug effects , Lung/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Multiple Organ Failure/etiology , Multiple Organ Failure/prevention & control , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Sepsis/mortality , Signal Transduction/drug effectsABSTRACT
Activity guided isolation of a Spiraea prunifolia extract yielded five caffeoyl hemiterpene glycosides: 4'-(6-O-caffeoyl-ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-2'-methyl butyric acid, 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-(4'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, 1,2-O-dicaffeoyl-6-O-(4'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-(4'-caffeoyl-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, and 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-(4'-caffeoyl-3'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, and nine known compounds. Structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and FAB-MS. To evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of all fourteen compounds, DPPH radical scavenging, NBT superoxide scavenging, and inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were examined. Three of the caffeoyl hemiterpene glycosides exhibited potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities compared with Vitamin C and l-NMMA, which were used as positive controls.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Caffeic Acids/isolation & purification , Caffeic Acids/pharmacology , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Glycosides/pharmacology , Hemiterpenes/isolation & purification , Hemiterpenes/pharmacology , Spiraea/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology , Caffeic Acids/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Glycosides/chemistry , Hemiterpenes/chemistry , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Macrophages/drug effects , Mice , Molecular Structure , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Picrates/pharmacology , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Chromatographic separation of the 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of Ilex rotunda (IR) led to isolation of two new hemiterpene glycosides, tentatively named as rotundarpenoside A (1) and rotundarpenoside B (2), along with five known caffeoyl derivatives (3-7). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1D/2D NMR, HR-MS, and the absolute configuration was confirmed by Mosher's method. In order to evaluate their anti-oxidative activities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase superoxide scavenging activities (NBT) were determined.
Subject(s)
Free Radical Scavengers/isolation & purification , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Hemiterpenes/isolation & purification , Ilex/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Glycosides/pharmacology , Hemiterpenes/pharmacology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Picrates/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Superoxides/chemistry , Xanthine Oxidase/chemistryABSTRACT
Isolation of compounds from the root of Rhodiola sachalinensis (RRS) yielded tyrosol (1), salidroside (2), multiflorin B (3), kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (4), afzelin (5), kaempferol (6), rhodionin (7), and rhodiosin (8). Quantification of these compounds was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the compounds, DPPH radical scavenging, NBT superoxide scavenging and nitric oxide production inhibitory activities were examined in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. We suggest that the major active components of RRS are herbacetin glycosides, exhibiting antioxidant activity, and kaempferol, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity.