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1.
Nutr Res Pract ; 16(6): 745-754, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36467771

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased worldwide. Although a low serum vitamin D level is known to be associated with the risk of CVD, the mechanism is not well understood yet. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D) with homocysteine and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Of 777 subjects recruited from one health promotion center for routine heath exam from January 2010 to December 2016, 518 subjects were included in this study. Serum 25(OH)D, serum homocysteine, and other metabolic parameters including ApoB were analyzed. Simple and partial correlations were carried out after adjustments. Simple linear regression analysis was used for precise correlation of parameters. Multivariate regression analysis was done to know which factor (serum homocysteine or ApoB) was more related to serum 25(OH)D after adjustments. Finally, logarithms of homocysteine concentrations according to tertiles of serum 25(OH)D were compared. RESULTS: After sex and age adjustments, serum 25(OH)D showed negative correlations with serum homocysteine (r' = -0.114) and ApoB (r' = -0.098). In simple linear regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D showed a significant negative correlation with ApoB (P = 0.035). However, in multivariate regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D was significantly associated with serum homocysteine after adjustments (P = 0.022). In addition, serum homocysteine concentration was significantly high in the lowest 25(OH)D group (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Serum 25(OH)D concentration showed a stronger negative association with serum homocysteine than with ApoB.

2.
Korean J Fam Med ; 43(5): 277-289, 2022 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36168899

ABSTRACT

Identifying and preventing modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease is very important. Vascular calcification has been studied clinically as an asymptomatic preclinical marker of atherosclerosis and a risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease. It is known that higher homocysteine levels are associated with calcified plaques and the higher the homocysteine level, the higher the prevalence and progression of vascular calcification. Homocysteine is a byproduct of methionine metabolism and is generally maintained at a physiological level. Moreover, it may increase if the patient has a genetic deficiency of metabolic enzymes, nutritional deficiencies of related cofactors (vitamins), chronic diseases, or a poor lifestyle. Homocysteine is an oxidative stress factor that can lead to calcified plaques and trigger vascular inflammation. Hyperhomocysteinemia causes endothelial dysfunction, transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and the induction of apoptosis. As a result of transdifferentiation and cell apoptosis, hydroxyapatite accumulates in the walls of blood vessels. Several studies have reported on the mechanisms of multiple cellular signaling pathways that cause inflammation and calcification in blood vessels. Therefore, in this review, we take a closer look at understanding the clinical consequences of hyperhomocysteinemia and apply clinical approaches to reduce its prevalence.

3.
J Investig Med ; 69(2): 345-350, 2021 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33148632

ABSTRACT

A recent study reported that coronary artery calcification (CAC) and serum homocysteine were well associated; however, no report is available for the cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to increase of coronary-artery calcification volume score (CVS). The data of 469 out of 777 subjects in 1 health promotion center located in Seoul were selected after exclusion of the missing data of serum homocysteine and CVS. CVS was categorized into 2 groups: CVS=0 and CVS>0. Serum homocysteine according to the CVS groups was compared, and the cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to the increase of CVS (>0) was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Mean age was 54.5 years and the proportion of females was 22.2%. Mean serum homocysteine concentration and CVS were 11.2 µmol/L and 50.4, respectively. After adjustments for age and sex, serum homocysteine was associated with CVS (r=0.167, p=0.001), and Log(Homocysteine) also showed a significant difference according to the CVS groups. The cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to the increase of CVS (>0) was 9.45 µmol/L (area under the curve=0.569 (95% CI 0.512 to 0.625), p=0.015). The cut-off value of serum homocysteine was 9.45 µmol/L according to the increase of coronary-artery CVS.


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease , Coronary Vessels , Homocysteine/blood , Vascular Calcification/diagnosis , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , ROC Curve , Risk Factors
4.
Korean J Fam Med ; 39(5): 284-289, 2018 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29983041

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a well-known risk factor of cardiovascular diseases that is focused on central obesity. Recent studies have reported the association between pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) volume and MS. However, no studies have demonstrated the cutoff PAT volume that represents the best association with MS. METHODS: The data of 374 subjects were analyzed cross-sectionally to compare PAT, measured on coronary multidetector computed tomography, and various metabolic parameters according to MS. After PAT volumes were divided into tertiles, various metabolic parameters were compared among tertiles; furthermore, the odds ratio for developing MS was calculated. Finally, we demonstrated the cutoff PAT volume that represented the best association with MS by using the receiver-operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: We found that 27.5% of the subjects had MS, and the mean PAT volume was 123.9 cm3 . PAT showed a significant positive correlation with body mass index, waist circumference, and levels of glucose, triglyceride, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, uric acid, and homocysteine, but a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, after dividing into tertiles, PAT volume was also significantly associated with various metabolic parameters. The odds ratio for having MS was 4.19 (95% confidence interval, 2.27-7.74) in the top tertile of PAT volumes after adjusting for age, sex, and smoking. The cutoff PAT volume that represented the best association with MS was 142.2 cm3 . CONCLUSION: PAT was significantly associated with MS and various metabolic parameters. The cutoff PAT volume of 142.2 cm3 showed the best association with MS.

5.
Public Health Nutr ; 20(10): 1836-1843, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27373847

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that the association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms is dependent upon total cholesterol level in a representative national sample of the South Korean population. DESIGN: This was a population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010-2012). SUBJECTS: We included 7198 adults aged 20-88 years. RESULTS: The incidence of depressive symptoms in individuals with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<20 ng/ml) was 1·54-fold (95 % CI 1·20, 1·98) greater than in individuals without vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥20 ng/ml). The relationship was stronger in individuals with normal-to-borderline serum total cholesterol (serum total cholesterol<240 mg/dl; OR=1·60; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·08) and non-significant in individuals with high serum total cholesterol (OR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·52, 1·81) after adjustment for confounding variables (age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking status, regular exercise, income level, education level, marital status, changes in body weight, perceived body shape, season of examination date and cholesterol profiles). CONCLUSIONS: The association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms was weakened by high serum total cholesterol status. These findings suggest that both vitamin D and total cholesterol are important targets for the prevention and treatment of depression.


Subject(s)
Cholesterol/blood , Depression/epidemiology , Nutrition Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/blood , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Vitamin D/blood , Young Adult
6.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 101(1): 96-102, 2016 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26529629

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: The relationship between bone turnover markers and atherosclerosis is controversial. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of arterial stiffness with the levels of osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study included 1691 men and 1913 women who participated in the medical examination programs of a hospital from March 2008 to December 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Arterial stiffness was estimated by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Osteocalcin and CTx were assayed by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The mean baPWV was elevated at both ends of the osteocalcin quintiles in both men and women. However, the adjusted mean was higher in the lowest quintile of osteocalcin than in the other quintiles in men and women. Before adjustment, negative and positive relationships of baPWV with the levels of osteocalcin and CTx were observed in men (ß = -0.123 and -0.078 for osteocalcin and CTx, respectively) and women (ß = 0.151 and 0.193), respectively. After adjustment for age and metabolic parameters, osteocalcin was negatively related with baPWV at lower osteocalcin levels (Q1-Q2) in both sexes (in the fully adjusted model, ß = -0.090 for men and -0.053 for women). No significant relationship was observed at higher values. The osteocalcin level was fit for a quadratic model for baPWV showing an inverse J-shape. CONCLUSIONS: The level of serum osteocalcin showed an inverse J-shaped relationship with arterial stiffness in both men and women. However, the association between the CTx level and arterial stiffness was not significant.


Subject(s)
Osteocalcin/deficiency , Vascular Stiffness/genetics , Aged , Ankle Brachial Index , Bone Density , Collagen Type I/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Peptides/blood , Pulse Wave Analysis , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Sex Characteristics
7.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) ; 83(3): 320-6, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25868823

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Osteocalcin is associated with energy metabolism and atherosclerosis, besides bone metabolism. However, the association between osteocalcin or its undercarboxylated form (ucOC) and coronary artery calcification is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and the concentration of serum osteocalcin and ucOC. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. PATIENTS: A total of 162 subjects (114 men and 48 women) with no angina symptom. MEASUREMENTS: Serum analyses included glucose, insulin and lipid profiles as well as osteocalcin and ucOC. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. CACS was measured using multidetector computed tomography and categorized into CACS = 0 and CACS > 0. RESULTS: The mean osteocalcin concentration in men was 15·6 ± 4·2 for CACS = 0 group and 14·1 ± 4·0 for CACS > 0 group, respectively (P = 0·050). In women, the osteocalcin concentration, ucOC concentration and ucOC to osteocalcin ratio (OCR) were not different between the CACS groups. However, the concentrations of osteocalcin and ucOC were significantly lower in women with hypertension or diabetes than those without, respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for medical history, body mass index, lipid profiles, insulin resistance and BMD in men, the higher concentration of ucOC and higher OCR showed significant association with coronary calcification (CACS > 0). CONCLUSION: Higher ucOC concentration was associated with coronary artery calcification independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and BMD in men.


Subject(s)
Coronary Vessels/metabolism , Osteocalcin/blood , Vascular Calcification/blood , Absorptiometry, Photon , Adult , Aged , Asian People , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Body Mass Index , Bone Density , Carbon/chemistry , Carboxylic Acids/chemistry , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Insulin/blood , Lipids/blood , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Osteocalcin/chemistry , Republic of Korea , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Vascular Calcification/ethnology
8.
J Korean Med Sci ; 26(8): 1093-8, 2011 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21860562

ABSTRACT

There are inconsistent findings on the effects of vitamin K on bone mineral density (BMD) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (UcOC). The present intervention study evaluated the effect in subjects over 60-yr-old. The vitamin K group (vitamin K + vitamin D + calcium supplement; 15 mg of vitamin K2 [menatetrenone] three times daily, 400 IU of vitamin D once a day, and 315 mg of calcium twice daily) and the control group (vitamin D + calcium supplement) were randomly assigned. During the six months of treatment, seventy eight women participated (38 in the vitamin K group and 40 in the control group) and 45 women completed the study. The baseline characteristics of study participants did not differ between the vitamin K and the control groups. In a per protocol analysis after 6 months, L3 bone mineral density has increased statistically significantly in the vitamin K group compared to the control group (0.01 ± 0.03 g/cm(2) vs -0.008 ± 0.04 g/cm(2), P = 0.049). UcOC concentration was also significantly decreased in the vitamin K group (-1.6 ± 1.6 ng/dL vs -0.4 ± 1.1 ng/dL, P = 0.008). In conclusion, addition of vitamin K to vitamin D and calcium supplements in the postmenopausal Korean women increase the L3 BMD and reduce the UcOC concentration.


Subject(s)
Bone Density/drug effects , Calcium/administration & dosage , Osteocalcin/blood , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Vitamin K/administration & dosage , Aged , Dietary Supplements , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Postmenopause , Republic of Korea
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