ABSTRACT
Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical CO2 reductions were carried out with Re(bh-bipy)(CO)3 (OH2 ) cocatalysts in aqueous electrolytes. Competition between hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction was observed under (photo)electrochemical conditions for both glassy carbon and CuInS2 electrodes. The partial current density for CO generation is limited even though the additional potential is applied. However, electrochemical hydrogen evolution was suppressed under photoelectrochemical conditions, and the selectivity and partial current density for CO were considerably increased when compared to the electrochemical reduction in an identical electrode/electrolyte system. This finding may provide insights into using semiconductor/liquid junctions for solar fuel devices to overcome the limitations of electrolysis systems with an external bias.
ABSTRACT
The intensive SAR study of 3,4-dihydroquinazoline series led to the most potent compound 10 (KYS05090: IC(50)=41+/-1 nM) against T-type calcium channel and its potency is nearly comparable to that of Kurtoxin. As a small organic molecule, this compound showed the highest blocking activity reported to date.
Subject(s)
Calcium Channel Blockers/chemistry , Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Calcium Channels, T-Type/drug effects , Quinazolines/chemistry , Quinazolines/pharmacology , Cell Line , Humans , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
3,4-Dihydroquinazoline analogues substituted by N-methyl-N-(5-pyrrolidinopentyl)amine at the 2-position were synthesized and their blocking effects were evaluated for T- and N-type calcium channels. Compound 11b (KYS05080), compared to mibefradil (IC50=1.34+/-0.49 microM), was about 5-fold potent (IC50=0.26+/-0.01 microM) for T-type calcium channel (alpha1G) blocking and its selectivity of T/N-type was also improved (7.5 versus 1.4 of mibefradil).
