Comparative study and relationship analysis between purine content, uric acid, superoxide dismutase, and growth traits in purebred and crossbred Thai native chickens.

The objective was to compare and analyze the relationship between growth, purine content, uric acid, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in purebred and crossbred Thai native chickens. A total of 300 Thai native chickens were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was purebred Thai native chickens (100%TN), Group 2 was 50% Thai native chickens (50%TN), and Group 3 was 25% Thai native chickens (25%TN). Data included the body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and breast circumference (BrC). At 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age, 10 chickens from each group were randomly euthanized to collect breast meat, liver, and blood samples to analyze the purine content consisting of total purine, adenine, guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine, and uric acid, in breast meat and liver and SOD in blood. A general linear model, Pearson correlation and principal component analysis were used to analyze the significant differences and relationship between variables. The results showed the 25%TN group had the highest growth traits at every age, while the 100%TN group had the lowest (p < 0.05). Consistent with the analysis results of purine values, purine content and uric acid in breast meat and liver and SOD in blood decreased with age (p < 0.05). The correlations between purine content (total purine, adenine, guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine) and growth traits (BW, ADG, and BrC) ranged from moderate negative to moderate positive (-0.542 to 0.253)(p < 0.05). The correlations between uric acid and growth traits (0.348-0.760) and SOD and growth traits (0.132-0.516) were low to moderate positive with significant differences (p < 0.05). The principal component plot, which highlighted three principal components (PC 1, PC 2, and PC 3), explained 86.44 and 86.53% of the total information in breast meat and liver for selecting animals for optimal balance of the variation in the growth traits, purine content, uric acid, and SOD. Although purebred Thai native chickens showed the lowest growth traits, purine content, uric acid, and SOD were also lowest compared to crossbred Thai native chickens. Therefore, the development of genetics in Thai native chickens to produce healthy food could be possible.

Comparative Study of Phenotypes and Genetics Related to the Growth Performance of Crossbred Thai Indigenous (KKU1 vs. KKU2) Chickens under Hot and Humid Conditions.

To improve the body weight and growth performance traits of crossbred Thai indigenous chickens, phenotypic performance and genetic values were estimated. Crossbred Thai indigenous chickens, designated KKU1 and KKU2, were compared. The data included 1375 records of body weight (BW0, BW2, BW4, and BW16), breast circumference at 6 weeks of age (BrC6), and average daily gain (ADG0−2, ADG0−4, and ADG0−6). A multi-trait animal model with the average information-restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML) was used to estimate the genetic parameters and breeding values. The results showed that the body weight and breast circumference traits (BW2, BW4, BW6, and BrC6) for the mixed sex KKU1 chickens were higher than for the KKU2 chickens (p < 0.05). For the growth performance traits, the KKU1 chickens had higher average daily gain and feed intake and a lower feed conversion ratio than the KKU2 chickens (p < 0.05). The survival rates were not different except at up to 6 weeks of age, when that of the KKU1 chickens was slightly lower. The specific combining ability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations, and estimated breeding values showed that the KKU1 chickens had better genetics than the KKU2 chickens. In conclusion, KKU1 chickens are suitable for development as crossbred Thai indigenous chickens for enhanced growth performance and for commercial use.

Genetic Evaluation of Body Weights and Egg Production Traits Using a Multi-Trait Animal Model and Selection Index in Thai Native Synthetic Chickens (Kaimook e-san2).

To improve the genetics of both growth and egg production, which are limitations in purebred native chickens, new genetic lines can be developed using an appropriate genetic approach. The data used in this study included 2713 body weight (BW0, BW4, BW6, BW8, and BW10), breast circumference (BrC6), chicken age at first egg (AFE), and egg production (240EP, 270EP, 300EP, and 365EP) records covering the period 2015 to 2020. A multi-trait animal model with the average information-restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML) and a selection index was used to estimate the variance components, genetic parameters, and breeding values. The results showed that males had significantly higher weights than females (p < 0.05) from 4 to 10 weeks of age and that this difference increased over the generations. The differences between BW0 and BrC6 by sex and generation were not significant (p > 0.05). The estimated heritability of body weight ranged from 0.642 (BW0) to 0.280 (BW10); meanwhile, the estimated heritability of BrC6 was moderate (0.284). For egg production traits, the estimated heritability of 240EP, 270EP, 300EP, and 365EP was 0.427, 0.403, 0.404, and 0.426, respectively, while the estimated heritability of AFE was 0.269. The genetic and phenotypic correlations among the growth traits (BW0 to BW10) were low to highly positive. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between growth (BW0 to BW10) and BrC6 traits were positive, and the genetic correlations between BW6 (0.80), BW8 (0.84), BW10 (0.93), and BrC6 were strongly positive. Genetic correlations among the egg production traits (240EP, 270EP, 300EP, and 365EP) were low to highly positive and ranged from 0.04 to 0.86. The genetic correlations between AFE and all egg production traits were low to moderately negative and ranged from -0.14 to -0.29. The positive genetic correlations between body weight (BW6, BW8, and BW10) and egg production traits were found only in 240EP. The average genetic progress of body weight traits ranged from -0.38 to 30.12 g per generation for BW0 to BW10 (p < 0.05); the genetic progress was 0.28 cm per generation for BrC6 (p > 0.05). The average genetic progress of cumulative egg production traits ranged from 4.25 to 12.42 eggs per generation for 240EP to 365EP (p < 0.05), while the average genetic progress of AFE was -7.12 days per generation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study suggests that the body weight at six weeks of age (BW6), breast circumference at six weeks of age (BrC6), cumulative egg production at 240 days of age (240EP), and age at first egg (AFE) are the traits that should be used as selection criteria, as they have a positive effect on the development of growth and egg production.