Barriers and enablers of James Cook University Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery graduates pursuing a research career.

OBJECTIVE: The period 2000-2011 has seen a decline in medical graduates participating in research. However, significant change has taken place in recent years at the James Cook University (JCU), with a sharp increase in medical graduates enrolling in the Honours course. Our study aims to explore the involvement of JCU medical graduates in research, including 'barriers' and 'enablers' of this involvement. DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire to the first six cohorts of JCU medical graduates. SETTING: Survey distributed online via SurveyMonkey to graduates who had previously consented to be contacted for future studies. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred thirty-eight early-career doctors from PGY (postgraduate year) 4 to PGY9 (n = 185, response rate = 55%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Current research participation. RESULTS: Fifty-six (30%) of the responding 185 JCU medical graduates were currently undertaking research. Graduates who completed an Honours degree by research (P = 0.001) and students who received some form of research training and mentoring during their undergraduate studies(P = 0.024) were statistically more likely to be currently involved in research. Vocational training requirements were both a significant barrier and enabler to research participation. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in the Honours program and receiving training and mentoring during undergraduate studies predict future research involvement by JCU medical graduates. However, many postgraduate barriers for involvement in research exist. This study highlights potential areas for improving medical graduate involvement in research, including medical schools promoting student research training and mentoring in their curriculum, and specialty colleges incorporating a research component in their selection or training requirements.

Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face and their correlation to phi among Indians in Moradabad population: A survey.

PURPOSE: The purpose was to examine the existence of divine proportions among the Indian faces in Moradabad population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally, 100 patients (50 males; 50 females) aged 25-45 years were selected for the study. All facial photographs were analyzed based on the method of Ricketts assessing the divine proportions in vertical and transverse facial planes. Six horizontal and seven vertical ratios were determined, which were then compared with the phi ratio. RESULTS: The horizontal ratio results showed that three male and female ratios were not significantly different from each other (P > 0.05), and interchilion/nose width ratio was highly significant (P < 0.001). The horizontal mean ratios for females as well as males were highly significant from the phi ratio (P < 0.001) except for interchilion/interdacryon ratio, which was significant (P < 0.05) for females and not significant (P > 0.05) for males. The vertical ratio results showed that there was a highly significant difference (P < 0.001) for forehead height/stomion-soft menton ratio and no significant difference for two ratios between the mean ratios of males and females. All the vertical mean ratios for both the groups were highly significant (P < 0.001), except for the intereye-soft menton/intereye-stomion ratio, which was significant (P < 0.05) for female group and not significant (P > 0.05) for the male group. CONCLUSION: Although, the golden proportion is a prominent and recurring theme in esthetics, it should not be embraced as the only method by which human beauty is measured to the exclusion of others factors.