Comparison of oral health-related quality of life and its association with the periodontal status among the adults: A questionnaire-based study.

Background: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is used for evaluating needs of people, their health problems, their level of satisfaction, and various effects of any intervention which have been provided for recording of various nonclinical aspects of oral health. Aim: The objective of the study was to compare OHRQoL and its association with periodontal health among adult population. Materials and Methods: This prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 respondents who were diagnosed with periodontitis. 14-item containing Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used for study analysis. A single observer made clinical examinations. Mann-Whitney "U" and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used for comparing the OHIP-14 scores. Statistically significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Majority of study participants were of female gender (62.0%). A significant association was observed between loss of attachment and OHIP14 scores (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Poor periodontal health may affect the OHRQoL.

Résumé Contexte: La qualité de vie liée à la santé bucco-dentaire (OHRQoL) est utilisée pour évaluer les besoins des personnes, leurs problèmes de santé, leur niveau de satisfaction, et divers effets de toute intervention qui a été fournie pour l'enregistrement de divers aspects non cliniques de la santé bucco-dentaire. But: L'objectif de l'étude était de comparer la OHRQoL et son association avec la santé parodontale parmi la population adulte. Matériels et méthodes: ce Une étude prospective et transversale a été menée auprès de 300 répondants ayant reçu un diagnostic de parodontite. 14 articles contenant Orale Le questionnaire Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) a été utilisé pour l'analyse de l'étude. Un seul observateur a fait des examens cliniques. Man­Les tests statistiques Whitney " U " et Kruskal­Wallis ont été utilisés pour comparer les scores OHIP-14. La signification statistique a été fixée à P < 0,05. Résultats: La majorité des participants à l'étude étaient de sexe féminin (62,0 %). Une association significative a été observée entre la perte d'attachement et scores OHIP14 (P = 0,003). Conclusion: Une mauvaise santé parodontale peut affecter l'OHRQoL. Mots-clés: Adultes, Oral Health Impact Profile 14, qualité de vie liée à la santé buccodentaire, parodontite, questionnaire.

Reliability of cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics in hypertension and diabetes. A comparative study.

Background: Both dermatoglyphic and cheiloscopic patterns are genetically determined. These patterns are known to be associated with type II diabetes or diabetes mellitus and hypertension which are also considered to have genetic influence due to their familial occurrence. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare reliability of both cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics with hypertension and type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 300 study participants. Both cheiloscopic and dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded using validated techniques. Obtained patterns were analyzed and assessed for statistical analysis using the SPSS version 21.0 statistical software. The Chi-square test was used for analyzing the obtained data. Results: In the present study, no statistical correlation was obtained between either dermatoglyphic or cheiloscopic patterns and type II diabetes or hypertension. Conclusion: The present study showed that cheiloscopy or dermatoglyphics cannot be used as a predictive tool for assessing a subject's risk of developing type II diabetes or hypertension. These are contradictory findings, thus emphasizing more research in this area so that these noninvasive techniques can be used as predictive tools for developing essential hypertension or type II diabetes.

Résumé Contexte: Les modèles dermatoglyphiques et cheiloscopiques sont génétiquement déterminés. Ces modèles sont connus pour être associés au diabète de type II ou au diabète sucré et à l'hypertension qui sont également considérés comme ayant une influence génétique en raison de leur occurrence familiale.Par conséquent, le but de cette étude était de comparer la fiabilité de la cheiloscopie et des dermatoglyphes avec l'hypertension et le diabète de type II. Matériaux et méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective menée auprès de 300 participants à l'étude.Les modèles cheiloscopiques et dermatoglyphiques ont été enregistrés utilisant des techniques validées.Les modèles obtenus ont été analysés et évalués pour analyse statistique à l'aide du logiciel statistique SPSS version 21.0.Le test Chi-square a été utilisé pour analyser les données obtenues. Résultats: Dans la présente étude, aucune corrélation statistique n'a été obtenue entre les modèles dermatoglyphiques ou cheiloscopiques et le diabète ou l'hypertension de type II. Conclusion: La présente étude a montré que la chéiloscopie ou les dermatoglyphes ne peuvent pas être utilisés comme outil prédictif pour évaluer le risque de développer le diabète ou l'hypertension de type II d'un sujet.Ce sont des résultats contradictoires, mettant ainsi l'accent sur plus de recherche dans ce domaine afin que ces techniques non invasives puissent être utilisées comme outils prédictifs pour développer l'hypertension essentielle ou le diabète de type II. Mots clés: Dermatoglyphes, hypertension, empreintes de lèvres, diabète de type II.

Calciphylaxis and its diagnosis: A review.

Calciphylaxis also known as Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), is a rare fatal complication usually associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is characterized by skin ulceration and necrosis leading to significant pain. The disease calciphylaxis is pathological state resulting in accumulation of calcium content in medial wall of small blood vessels along with the fibrotic changes in intima. The aetiopathogenesis of this disease, small vessel vasculopathy, remains complicated, and unclear. It is believed that development of calciphylaxis depends on medial calcification, intimal fibrosis of arterioles and thrombotic occlusion. The disease is rare, life-threatening medical condition that occurs mostly in population with kidney disease or in patients on dialysis. Skin biopsy and radiographic features are helpful in the diagnosis of calciphylaxis, but negative results do not necessarily exclude the diagnosis. This article highlights steps undertaking in the diagnosis of calciphylaxis.

Micronuclei in Exfoliated Cells: A Biomarker of Genotoxicity in Tobacco Users.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the tobacco-related genotoxic effects in individual with habit of smoking and chewing tobacco. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study sample consisted of 120 individuals attending the outpatient department of D. J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh (UP). The sample was divided into four groups as follows: Group I (individuals with habit of smoking tobacco), Group II (individuals with habit of chewing tobacco), Group III (individuals with habit of smoking and chewing tobacco), and Group IV control group (nontobacco-exposed individuals). Patients were asked to rinse their mouth gently with water. The exfoliated cells were obtained by scraping the buccal mucosa of individuals with a wooden spatula. The scraped cells were placed on the precleaned slides. The smears were then stained with RAPID-PAP™ and analyzed under the microscope. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. RESULTS: In the present study, an arbitrary unit was obtained using frequency/day multiplied by the duration of years (risk multiplication factor [RMF], a positive and significant correlation were observed between the RMF and the mean percentage of micronucleated cell count in smokers, chewers, and in individuals with both smoking and chewing habit, respectively. A weak positive and nonsignificant correlation were observed between age and mean percentage of micronucleated cells in smokers and smokers + chewers, respectively, while it was weak negative and nonsignificant in chewers. In control group, correlation between age and percentage of micronucleated cells was weak positive and nonsignificant at 5% level of significance. CONCLUSION: The micronuclei in exfoliated mucosal cells from buccal mucosa can be used as a biomarker of genotoxicity in predicting the effects of carcinogens.

Platform switching technique and crestal bone loss around the dental implants: A systematic review.

Background: The overall success of dental implants depends on the crestal bone support around the implants. During the initial years of dental implant placement, the bone loss around the implants determines the success rate of treatment. Platform switching (PLS) concept preserves the crestal bone loss, and this approach should be applied clinically for the overall success of dental implants. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discuss the literature dealing with the concept of PLS concept and preservation of marginal bone, the mechanism by which it contributes to maintenance of marginal bone, its clinical applications, advantages, and disadvantages, to assess its survival rates. Materials and Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar search was done to find out the studies involving PLS concept from 2005 to 2017. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: Literature search revealed studies involving concepts of PLS, comparison of platform-switched and nonplatform-switched implants, case reports on PLS, and studies with histological and finite element analyses regarding PLS. Conclusion: PLS helps preserve crestal bone around the implants, and this concept should be followed when clinical situations in implant placement permit.

RésuméContexte: Le succès global des implants dentaires dépend du support osseux crestal autour des implants. Au cours des premières années de la pose des implants dentaires, la perte osseuse autour des implants détermine le taux de réussite du traitement. Concept de commutation de plate-forme (PLS) préserve la perte osseuse crestale, et cette approche devrait être appliquée cliniquement pour le succès global des implants dentaires. But: le Le but de cette étude est de discuter de la littérature traitant du concept de concept PLS et de la préservation de l'os marginal, du mécanisme par lequel il contribue au maintien de l'os marginal, ses applications cliniques, ses avantages et ses inconvénients, pour évaluer ses taux de survie. Matériels et méthodes: La recherche PubMed et Google Scholar a été effectuée pour trouver les études impliquant le concept PLS de 2005 à 2017. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide du logiciel statistique SPSS. Résultats: La recherche documentaire a révélé des études impliquant des concepts de PLS, la comparaison de implants à commutation de plates-formes et à commutation de plates-formes, rapports de cas sur PLS et études avec analyses histologiques et d'éléments finis concernant PLS. Conclusion: PLS aide à préserver l'os crestal autour des implants, et ce concept doit être suivi lorsque des situations cliniques dans l'implant permis de placement.

Micronuclei in exfoliated cells : a biomarker of genotoxicity in tobacco users

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the tobacco-related genotoxic effects in individual with habit of smoking and chewing tobacco. Materials and Methods: The present study sample consisted of 120 individuals attending the outpatient department of D. J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh (UP). The sample was divided into four groups as follows: Group I (individuals with habit of smoking tobacco), Group II (individuals with habit of chewing tobacco), Group III (individuals with habit of smoking and chewing tobacco), and Group IV control group (nontobacco-exposed individuals). Patients were asked to rinse their mouth gently with water. The exfoliated cells were obtained by scraping the buccal mucosa of individuals with a wooden spatula. The scraped cells were placed on the precleaned slides. The smears were then stained with RAPID-PAP™ and analyzed under the microscope. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: In the present study, an arbitrary unit was obtained using frequency/day multiplied by the duration of years (risk multiplication factor [RMF], a positive and significant correlation were observed between the RMF and the mean percentage of micronucleated cell count in smokers, chewers, and in individuals with both smoking and chewing habit, respectively. A weak positive and nonsignificant correlation were observed between age and mean percentage of micronucleated cells in smokers and smokers + chewers, respectively, while it was weak negative and nonsignificant in chewers. In control group, correlation between age and percentage of micronucleated cells was weak positive and nonsignificant at 5% level of significance. Conclusion: The micronuclei in exfoliated mucosal cells from buccal mucosa can be used as a biomarker of genotoxicity in predicting the effects of carcinogens

Vitamin D and gastrointestinal cancer.

Vitamin D serves as a precursor to the potent steroid hormone calcitriol, which has widespread actions throughout the body. Calcitriol regulates numerous cellular pathways that could have a role in determining cancer risk and prognosis. Low Vitamin D levels have been implicated in numerous disease processes including fracture risk, falls, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cancers. Metabolite of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) regulates numerous genes that control gut physiology and homeostasis. 1,25(OH)2D3 serves various functions such as maintaining the integrity of epithelial barrier and absorption of calcium and phosphate, and the host's defense against pathogens, and the inflammatory response by several types of secretory and immune cells. Although epidemiological data remain inconsistent, and randomized control trials in humans do not yet exist to conclusively support a beneficial role for Vitamin D, results from some correlating studies strongly suggest that Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing cancer and that avoiding deficiency and adding Vitamin D supplements might be an economical and safe way to reduce cancer incidence and improve cancer prognosis and outcome. The present review highlights the role of Vitamin D in cancer of the gastrointestinal tract including esophagus, gastric (stomach), liver, pancreas, and colon.

Round Cell Tumors: Classification and Immunohistochemistry.

Round cell tumors as the name suggest are comprised round cells with increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. This group of tumor includes entities such as peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. These round cells tumors are characterized by typical histological pattern, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features that can help in differential diagnosis. The present article describes the classification and explains the histopathology and immunohistochemistry of some important round cell tumors.

Fibroepithelial Polyp with Sebaceous Hyperplasia: A Case Report.

Fibro epithelial Polyp (FEP) is a polypoid outgrowth of epidermis and dermal fibro vascular tissue. This polyp is most commonly found in oral cavity, neck and axilla, though any skin fold may be affected like groin area. We describe a case of a 25-year-old male patient with a growth over the anterior rugae region of hard palate since 3 years. Based on histological appearance, diagnosis of sebaceous gland hyperplasia in fibroepithelial polyp was given which itself is a rare entity, and in our case, it was encountered at the rarest of sites.

Retrospective Assessment of Healing Outcome of Endodontic Treatment for Mandibular Molars with C-shaped Root Canal.

INTRODUCTION: A thorough knowledge of the anatomic morphology of the root canal system is necessary for the long-term success of the root canal therapy. The occurrence of C-shaped root canal configuration is one such variation. Achievement of favorable prognosis after commencing root canal therapy in such teeth is one of the challenges imposed on the endodontist. Hence, we evaluated the healing occurring after endodontic therapy in patients with C-shaped root canals in mandibular molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry of the institution and included assessment of all the patients who underwent root canal treatment of the mandibular first and second molars. Endodontic therapy was performed in all the cases by experienced endodontist. Final postoperative radiographs were taken. Recording of the data of the personal and clinical details of a total of 250 patients was done. All the clinical and radiographic details of the patients, such as tooth location in the jaw, presence or absence of C-shaped canals, status of the pulp tissue, presence or absence of the fractures, and other details of the patients were recorded. Radiographic and clinical examination of the tooth of the patients was done during the baseline visit and further during the follow-up visits. The presence of C-shaped root canals was confirmed using the radiographs. Periapical index (PI) scoring system was used. Categories defined for enlisting the healing after the root canal treatment with the assessment of the PI score. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. RESULTS: Vital pulp tissue was encountered in majority of the cases. C-shaped root canal configuration was observed in 40% of the cases included in the present study. After completion of the endodontic therapy, complete crown placement was done in only 22% of the cases. In cases of vital teeth with C-shaped root canals configuration, most of the teeth showed complete healing. Significant results were obtained while comparing the complete coverage crown parameter in relation to the healing process in teeth with C-shaped root canals. CONCLUSION: In the present study, no significant effect of the C-shaped root canal configuration was found on the healing rate of the endodontic therapy in mandibular molars. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Meticulous endodontic therapy with special techniques should be done while preparing teeth with C-shaped root canals.

The cell biology and role of resorptive cells in diseases: A review.

Resorptive cells are responsible for the resorption of mineralized matrix of hard tissues. Bone-resorbing cells are called osteoclasts; however, they can resorb mineralized dental tissues or calcified cartilage and then they are called odontoclasts and chondroclasts, respectively. Resorptive cells form when mononuclear precursors derived from a monocyte-macrophage cell lineage are attracted to certain mineralized surfaces and subsequently fuse and adhere onto them for exerting their resorbing activity. These cells are responsible for degradation of calcified extracellular matrix composed of organic molecules and hydroxyapatite. The activity of these cells can be observed in both physiological and pathological processes throughout life and their activity is mainly required in bone turnover and growth, spontaneous and induced (orthodontic) tooth movement, tooth eruption, and bone fracture healing, as well as in pathological conditions such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone metastasis. In addition, they are responsible for daily control of calcium homeostasis. Clastic cells also resorb the primary teeth for shedding before the permanent teeth erupt into the oral cavity.

Evaluation of 4% Sodium Hypochlorite in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from the Root Canal when Used with Three Irrigation Methods: An in vitro Study.

INTRODUCTION: Endodontic treatment removes all pathogens, such as Enterococcus faecalis from pulp and root canals. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of sodium hypo-chlorite (NaOCl) in removing E. faecalis from the root canal used with three different irrigation methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on freshly extracted maxillary incisors. After biomechanical preparation, root canals were injected with E. faecalis. Three groups were made which contained 30 teeth in each group; 2 mL of NaOCl solution was used for irrigation followed by agitation with K-files in group I; 2 mL of NaOCl solution was used for irrigation and ultrasonic agitation was done in group II. In group III, an alternate irrigation with NaOCl and 3% hydrogen peroxide was done. The fourth group (control) was irrigated with sterile saline solution. E. fae-calis bacteria were sampled to the root canals with paper points and were transferred to tubes that contained 5 mL of brain heart infusion broth. Tubes were incubated and the presence of broth turbidity was suggestive of bacteria remaining in the root canal. RESULTS: All three groups showed no statistically significant difference. However, difference existed between experimental groups and control groups. CONCLUSION: The author concluded that all three methods of application of NaOCl were effective in disinfecting the root canal than the saline solution. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: No single irrigant has 100% efficiency. Thus by this study, a best irrigating solution with maximum properties can be established.