[Duplication of the gallbladder and cystic duct as a rare finding during cholecystectomy - a case report]. / Zdvojení zlucníku a duktus cystikus jako raritní nález pri cholecystektomii - kazuistika.

Congenital anomalies of the gallbladder, the biliary tract and their vasculature are relatively common. They usually represent only anatomical variations that may not manifest clinically, but in some cases they are of fundamental importance for the surgeon as they can cause diagnostic confusion or lead to problems during surgery. Their ignorance may result in many errors, injury during surgery and subsequent serious consequences. Genuine duplication of the gallbladder with the cystic duct and its artery is extremely rare and is therefore still only a subject of case reports. Gallbladder duplication itself is not an indication for surgery. If it contains stones or if inflammation occurs, however, both gallbladders may not be affected equally and if this variety is not recognized, only one of them may be removed and the other one can escape attention. The case report describes the rare case of gallbladder duplication including the cystic duct during elective cholecystectomy in a middle-aged man who was operated on after birth for omphalocele. Preoperative diagnostic examination described malrotation of the intestine and a cystic lesion next to the gallbladder, considered to be rather a liver cyst. Although it was indeed possible to assume various other abnormalities in the anatomical arrangement of the organs with regard to the patients history, the finding of double gallbladder including cystic duct was still surprising.

AICA-riboside: direct quantitation in ultrafiltrates of plasma by HPLC during pharmacokinetic studies in man.

A simple HPLC procedure for the quantitation of AICA-riboside (Z) and its 5-monophosphate metabolite (ZMP) in ultrafiltrates of plasma and lysed whole blood, respectively, has been developed. Samples of plasma or previously frozen whole blood were subjected to ultrafiltration by centrifuging for 30 minutes in an Amicon Centrifree Micropartition cartridge and the filtrates analyzed directly by HPLC. Compound Z was quantitated by UV detection at 270 nm following isocratic reverse-phase chromatography on a C18 column and ZMP following isocratic chromatography on an anion exchange (SAX) column. The limits of sensitivity for Z in plasma and ZMP in blood were 0.1 and 2.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Neither compound was protein bound and recoveries were greater than 95%. The intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 5%. The method has been used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of Z and ZMP in man. The procedure should be applicable to the quantitation of certain other nucleosides and nucleotides in biological media.