ABSTRACT
The incidence of IDDM in the age group over 30 years was estimated in a historical prospective study, using clinical and biochemical measurements at onset as criteria for classification. The study population, nearly one million, represents 20% of the Danish population. The degree of ascertainment was > 99%. One thousand two hundred and forty patients were treated with insulin during the study period (1973-77). Based on the clinical and biochemical variables, the patients were classified into three groups: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) accounted for 16.2%, insulin-treated diabetes mellitus for 54.1% and short-term treated diabetes mellitus for 29.6% of the total insulin-treated group. The incidence of IDDM in the age group over 30 years at onset was 8.2 100,000(-1) year-1. The cumulative incidence rate (0-90 years) was 1.5-1.6 per cent. The present study indicates that IDDM may develop at any age. Thus the life-time risk of developing IDDM is higher than hitherto expected.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Autoantibodies/blood , Cohort Studies , Denmark/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/classification , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Female , HLA-DR Antigens/blood , Humans , Incidence , Insulin/therapeutic use , Islets of Langerhans/immunology , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In 1983 the bed-day consumption per year per 1,000 inhabitants was 1,571 for all subjects in the Copenhagen County, and 774, 1,239, and 4,918 for subjects 0-19 years, 20-64 years, and above 65 years of age, respectively. Extrapolating from these data the hospital bed-day consumption per inhabitant is predicted to increase by 20.6% in Denmark by the year 2025 as compared to 1986. The mean hospital bed-day consumption per subject during the last 150 days prior to death in hospital was 25.0 days for males and 29.7 for females. Making the conservative assumption that only subjects who die in hospital consume hospital bed-days during the last 150 days before death, the bed-day consumption during 1983 of 0-64 years old subjects being in the terminal 150-day phase was 5.87% of the total annual bed-day consumption of this age group. For subjects 65 years of age or older, it was 18.1%.
Subject(s)
Length of Stay/trends , Terminal Care , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Bed Occupancy , Child , Child, Preschool , Denmark , Economics, Hospital , Female , Forecasting , Health Planning , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Bed Occupancy , Hospitals/statistics & numerical data , Patient Admission , Death , Denmark , Female , Hospital Planning , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Patient Discharge , Retrospective StudiesSubject(s)
Bisacodyl/administration & dosage , Colon/diagnostic imaging , Cresols/administration & dosage , Mannitol/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Bisacodyl/adverse effects , Cathartics/administration & dosage , Cathartics/adverse effects , Humans , Mannitol/adverse effects , RadiographySubject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Seasons , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Scandinavian and Nordic Countries , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Sixty-one juvenile, insulin-treated diabetics below 50 years of age with a duration of diabetes mellitus longer than 10 years underwent impedance audiometry with determination of stapedius reflex thresholds at 500 Hz, 1, 2, and 4 kHz, conventional pure tone and speech audiometry, and high-frequency audiometry up to 20 kHz. The results were compared with a normative material of non diabetic subjects selected after exactly the same criteria. No significant differences in hearing or stapedius reflex thresholds were found. Among half of the subjects there was a diabetic retinopathy. A comparison between those with and those without retinopathy did not reveal any significant difference in audiological findings. Even subjects with severe diabetic complications and almost life-long diabetes had normal hearing. Recent investigations on plasma-lipoids have discussed the possibility that insulin might prevent a premature ageing of hearing which has been reported by other authors. It is concluded that no statistical data exist that confirm a correlation between hearing impairment and diabetes.
Subject(s)
Audiometry , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Muscles/physiology , Stapedius/physiology , Acoustic Impedance Tests , Adult , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Audiometry, Speech , Diabetic Retinopathy/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reflex, AcousticABSTRACT
The incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Denmark in the years 1970--1976 was 13.3 per 100,000 in the age group 0--29 yr. This incidence is almost identical to that found in 1924 in Denmark in the same age group. The prevalence of insulin-consumers is 3.2 per 1,000. Comparison is made with incidence and prevalence data from other studies of Caucasian populations.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Insulin/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Denmark , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
The relationship between the HLA system and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is reviewed. Data compiled by the HLA and Disease Registry reveal that HLA-B8 and/or Dw3 are associated with IDDM in all populations studied so far, but further population studies in non-Caucasian populations should be performed. In Caucasians, HLA-Dw2 renders protection against IDDM while HLA-Dw3 and Dw4 are associated with susceptibility to IDDM. The exact mode of inheritance of susceptibility to IDDM remains to be established. Involvement of at least two genes is likely. Heterogeneity of IDDM is highly possible and should be a matter of major interest in diabetes research.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , HLA Antigens/immunology , Insulin/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus/immunology , HumansABSTRACT
Incidence data from Denmark on the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the age group 0--29 years have been collected in two different geographical areas (West and South Jutland plus Copenhagen and North Zealand). An incidence of 13.3 per 100,000 per year (range 12.5--13.6) was registered (N = 792). No difference was found between the two areas. The male incidence exceeded the female incidence by 25.4 per cent. The age distribution showed rising values until a peak in the early puberty with a decline until a rather constant level after puberty. From year to year a seasonal variation of onset was demonstrable with maximum in the winter and minimum in the summer for males only. Ascertainment was found to be between 87.7 and 98.6 per cent and the annual number of new insulin-dependent diabetics in Denmark in the age group 0--29 years can be calculated to 310-350.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Insulin/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Denmark , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Environment , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Retrospective Studies , Seasons , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The incidence, sex, seasonal and geographical patterns of juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (j.i.d.m.) were studied retrospectively on one third of the Danish population 1970-1974. The j.i.d.m. incidence remained fairly constant during the study period, the average being 13.2 per 100000 per year. The total number of boys exceeded the number of girls by 27%. A marked peak of incidence was found at 12-14 years, earlier for females than for males. A seasonal variation in onset (diagnosis) of j.i.d.m. was observed with the lowest number of new cases in May-July. The j.i.d.m. incidence seemed to show socioeconomic differences, being highest in those parts of the survey area with lower status.
