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1.
Waste Manag ; 96: 75-85, 2019 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31376972

ABSTRACT

Recycling of plastic is an important step towards circular economy. However, plastic from household waste (HHW) is a heterogeneous and contaminated resource, leading to recycled plastic with reduced quality, limiting the potential for closed-loop recycling. In addition to regulatory requirements for the chemical composition of recycled plastic, reduced physical and mechanical properties may limit the potential for closed-loop recycling. Consequently, this study analyses the thermal degradation, processability and mechanical properties of a range of reprocessed PET, PE and PP samples from source-separated plastic in HHW. On this basis, the potential for closed-loop recycling is evaluated. The study demonstrated that PET, PE and PP recycling represent different challenges. Potential degradation of the PET polymer can be reversed in a decontamination process, making PET waste well-suited for closed-loop, multiple times recycling, even when the degree of heterogeneity in the waste is high. The processability of different kinds of PE and PP packaging types varied considerably, especially for PP. Consequently, current recycling of mixed PP waste and even separate recycling of individual PP waste packaging types, will not technically facilitate recycling into new packaging products. This highlights the importance of PE and PP waste homogeneity when sent to reprocessing. Such homogeneity may be achieved through additional plastic sorting and regulatory harmonisation of product design, accounting for polymer properties and recyclability. Degradation of PP during recycling was shown to be substantial, representing another important limitation for PP recycling, necessary to address in the future.


Subject(s)
Plastics , Recycling , Polyethylene Terephthalates , Polymers , Product Packaging
2.
Med Group Manage J ; 41(5): 30, 32-4, 1994.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10138071

ABSTRACT

Because of recent state-level legislation, many health care networks may not be allowed to choose between qualified member providers. Gerald A. Neiderman, J.D., Jay D. Christiansen, J.D., and Kelly Phillips, J.D., of the health care practice group of Fagre & Benson, update the background, trends and potential impacts of any willing providers laws.


Subject(s)
Medical Staff Privileges/legislation & jurisprudence , Preferred Provider Organizations/legislation & jurisprudence , Pharmaceutical Services/legislation & jurisprudence , State Government , United States
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