Preventable incidence cases from non-communicable diseases attributable to insufficient physical activity in Chile.

OBJECTIVES: Lack of sufficient physical activity (PA) has been associated with an increased risk of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate the number of preventable incidence cases of NCDs attributable to insufficient PA in the Chilean population. STUDY DESIGN: Comparative risk assessment modelling study. METHODS: This study examined data from 5834 participants aged ≥20 years from the Chilean National Survey (2016-2017). PA was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) were assigned according to PA intensity. Estimated incidence cases of NCDs in Chile in 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study. Relative risks for breast cancer, colon cancer, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and stroke were obtained from a published meta-analysis and applied to the prevalence of insufficient PA estimates through the potential impact fraction equation. RESULTS: High levels of PA (≥8000 MET-min/week) could potentially avoid more than 22,000 (64.6 %) incidence NCD cases, ranging from 498 (10.1 %) preventable cases of breast cancer to 5629 (14.7 %) cases of diabetes. Other modelled scenarios also showed to reduce the incidence cases of all five NCDs but to a lesser extent; where at least PA recommendation was achieved, preventable NCDs were reduced by 6522 cases (18.7 %), and where a 10 % relative reduction in insufficient PA level in the population was achieved, preventable NCDs were reduced by 651 (1.8 %) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The study results provide estimates for the incidence cases of preventable NCDs attributable to insufficient PA, highlighting the important role of PA in NCD prevention in Chile.

Effects of resistance training protocols on nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability in metabolic syndrome.

Despite the various standard non-linear measurements used in autonomic modulation (AM) assessments usually being applied to long time-series, such analyses can sometimes be applied to shorter term series. To overcome this disadvantage, chaotic global methods were formulated by putting together heart rate variability (HRV) linear methods. Chaos provides information about vegetative function control related to cardiovascular risks. Applying this method can be useful to investigate the complexity of the health condition after resistance training protocols, as a therapeutic intervention in AM in metabolic syndrome individuals (MetS). This study aimed to compare the effects of two resistance training programs (conventional vs functional) in MetS using nonlinear analysis of AM. MetS subjects (n=50) of both sexes aged 40 to 60 years were randomly divided into two programs; a group of 12 people served as a control group. Both groups performed 30 sessions of training. AM was assessed in the chaos domain by chaotic global techniques. The main results showed that both resistance training, functional and conventional, increased chaos when compared to the control group, respectively, observed by chaotic forward parameter (CFP)1 (13.9±17.9 vs 12.8±14.4 vs -2.23±7.96; P≤0.05) and CFP3 (15.4±19.8 vs 21.9±13.2 vs -4.82±11.4; P≤0.05). In addition, 30 sessions of both resistance programs increased chaos, and non-linear analysis enabled discrimination of AM after interventions when compared to the control group.

Effects of resistance training protocols on nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability in metabolic syndrome

Despite the various standard non-linear measurements used in autonomic modulation (AM) assessments usually being applied to long time-series, such analyses can sometimes be applied to shorter term series. To overcome this disadvantage, chaotic global methods were formulated by putting together heart rate variability (HRV) linear methods. Chaos provides information about vegetative function control related to cardiovascular risks. Applying this method can be useful to investigate the complexity of the health condition after resistance training protocols, as a therapeutic intervention in AM in metabolic syndrome individuals (MetS). This study aimed to compare the effects of two resistance training programs (conventional vs functional) in MetS using nonlinear analysis of AM. MetS subjects (n=50) of both sexes aged 40 to 60 years were randomly divided into two programs; a group of 12 people served as a control group. Both groups performed 30 sessions of training. AM was assessed in the chaos domain by chaotic global techniques. The main results showed that both resistance training, functional and conventional, increased chaos when compared to the control group, respectively, observed by chaotic forward parameter (CFP)1 (13.9±17.9 vs 12.8±14.4 vs -2.23±7.96; P≤0.05) and CFP3 (15.4±19.8 vs 21.9±13.2 vs -4.82±11.4; P≤0.05). In addition, 30 sessions of both resistance programs increased chaos, and non-linear analysis enabled discrimination of AM after interventions when compared to the control group.

Back and neck pain prevalence and their association with physical inactivity domains in adolescents.

PURPOSE: Back pain affects people of all ages. This may be associated with physical inactivity, and in the case of physical activity in different domains, the relationship with back pain is not clear in the literature. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of low back and neck pain and investigate their association in different domains of physical inactivity. METHODS: 1011 randomly selected students participated in this study. Neck and back pain were assessed using the Nordic questionnaire, whereas the Baecke Physical Activity questionnaire was used to measure physical activity domains. Separate Binary Logistic Regression models were performed to investigate the association of physical activity domains with neck or back pain. RESULTS: 17.4% of the students reported cervical pain, while 18.0% reported low back pain. Older adolescents had a higher prevalence of cervical pain (24.4%) than younger adolescents (11.9%) (p value <0.001), as well as lumbar pain, being 25.1% in older adolescents and 12.4% in younger (p value <0.001). Adolescents physically inactive in the school environment were less likely to have pain in the cervical region [OR 0.67 (0.44-0.99)] or back pain [OR 0.60 (0.40-0.91)]. Being inactive in occupational activities was associated with cervical pain [OR 1.49 (1.06-2.10)]. Being inactive in the sports environment presented a marginal relationship with pain in the cervical region [OR 1.41 (0.99-2.02)]. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of neck and low back pain was higher in older adolescents and physical inactivity in the sporting context and occupational activities could be a risk factor to increase the chances of back pain.

Physical activity is inversely associated with high blood pressure independently of overweight in Brazilian adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between blood pressure (BP) levels and physical activity (PA) domains accounting for overweight/obesity. Adolescents aged 10 to 17 years old were recruited (n = 1021). International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria were used to define overweight and obesity. High BP was defined using the Center of Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Different domains of PA (school activities, sport out of school, and leisure time PA) were assessed using a validated questionnaire. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 21.9% for boys and 14.8% for girls. Some 13.4% of boys and 10.2% of girls, respectively, had high blood pressure (HBP). A strong and positive association was found between overweight and HBP. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), total PA was inversely associated with BP. When all PA domains were entered simultaneously in a regression model, and after adjustment for BMI, only sport out of school was significantly and inversely associated with systolic BP [ß: -0.82 (-1.50; -0.13)]. These findings open avenue for the early prevention of HBP by the prevention of obesity and promotion of PA.