[The effect on bleeding volume and postoperative recovery of regional cerebral oxygen saturation guides controlled hypotension in elderly patients with hypertension undergoing spinal surgery].

Objective: To evaluate the effect on bleeding volume and postoperative recovery of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) guides controlled hypotension in elderly patients with hypertension undergoing spinal surgery. Methods: One hundred and twenty elderly patients who underwent spinal surgery in the department of anesthesiology of Qingdao Municipal Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected and divided into 2 groups according to the random number table method (n=60): rSO(2) guides the controlled hypotension group (group A) and control group (group C). Both groups were performed with endotracheal intubation for general anesthesia, maintain anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil, rSO(2) were monitored throughout the procedure. If necessary, sodium nitroprusside or esmolol were used to control blood pressure. In group A, the goal of controlled hypotension was that rSO(2) decreased ≤ 10% of the basic value or maintained at 64±3 and the moderate operative field bleeding. Group C underwent routine anesthesia management. Intraoperative blood loss and urine output, the incidence of hypothermia after operation, postoperative delirium, chills, nausea and vomiting, the PACU residence time, postoperative drainage volume, eating time, postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with group C, the blood loss [(589±157) vs (764±213) ml] and urine output [(778±121) vs (1 079±239) ml] of group A were decreased (t=-5.120, -8.712, all P<0.05). The rates of hypothermia after operation (26.7% vs 45.0%), postoperative delirium (18.3% vs 36.7%), chills (10.0% vs 25.0%), nausea and vomiting (21.7% vs 40.0%) of group A were decreased (χ(2)=4.385, 5.057, 4.675, 4.728, all P<0.05) . The PACU residence time [(56±9) vs (63±11) min], postoperative drainage volume [(217±66) vs (289±81) ml], eating time [(17.8±2.8) vs (22.3±4.1) h] and numbers of days in hospital [(7.2±2.7) vs (8.2±2.9) d] were decreased of group A (t=-3.399, -5.334, -7.000, -2.031, all P<0.05). Conclusion: The guidance of controlled hypotension with rSO(2) monitoring can reduce the blood loss and infusion volume during spinal surgery in elderly patients with hypertension, reduce postoperative related complications and enhance recovery after surgery.

[The effect of perioperative ERAS pathway management on short-and long-term outcomes of gastric cancer patients].

Objective: To compare postoperative short-term outcomes and long-term prognosis between perioperative Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) and conventional pathways protocols in gastric cancer patients. Methods: This is a single institute retrospective cohort study, all patients were pathologically proved to be gastric adenocarcinoma, underwent standard radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy during the period of 2007-2012. Total 2124 cases were eligible to be analysed and divided into ERAS groups and Non-ERAS group according to the different perioperative pathway protocol. Propensity score matching method (in SPSS, 24.0 version, IBM Company) was used to balance the baseline characteristics. Two groups were matched in a 1∶1 ratio. There were 521 cases per group after matched. The short-term clinical outcomes (postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, blood loss, 30-day re-admission rate, etc.) and overall 5-year survival rates were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence of overall postoperative complications was similar between the two groups (ERAS group=18.4%, non-ERAS group=19.4%, P=0.69), including anastomotic leakage, abdominal hemorrhage, etc. But the incidence of SSI, atelectasis, and thromboembolic disease in ERAS group was significant lower than that in Non-ERAS group. The number of lymph node harvested, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital and cost in ERAS group were better than those in non-ERAS group. There were no significant differences in unplanned reoperation (ERAS group=3.1%, non-ERAS group=2.1%, P=0.33), 30 day readmission rate of discharge (ERAS group=6.1%, non-ERAS group=5.6%, P=0.69) and postoperative mortality (ERAS group=0.4%, non-ERAS group=0.2%, P=0.56) between the two groups. The 5-year overall survival rates of non-ERAS group and ERAS group were 66.2% and 72.8% respectively (P=0.007). The subgroup analysis found that 5-year OS rates of stage I were 93.4% and 92.7% (P=0.73), these of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 82.2% vs 75.2% (P=0.007) and 47.6% vs 35.7% (P=0.02) in ERAS group and non-ERAS group respectively. Conclusions: Perioperative ERAS pathway management is safe and feasible for patients with gastric cancer, without increasing the incidence of complications and 30-day readmission rate. This protocol can improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Morphine: double-faced roles in the regulation of tumor development.

Morphine, a highly potent analgesic, is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of severe pain associated with cancer. It directly acts on the central nervous system to relieve pain, but also cause secondary complications, such as addiction, respiratory depression and constipation due to its activities on peripheral tissues. Besides pain relief, morphine is of great importance on cancer management with its effect on tumor development being the subject of debate for many years with some contradictory findings. Morphine has shown both tumor growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting effects in many published research studies. And various signaling pathways have been suggested to be involved in these effects of morphine. Based on a thorough literature review, we summarized the double-faced effects of morphine in tumor development, including tumor cell growth and apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation and inflammation. And we attempted to optimize morphine administration in cancer patients to attenuate its tumor growth-promoting effects.

Post-conditioning anti-PUMA treatment protects mice against mice heart I/R injury.

OBJECTIVE: PUMA is a pro-apoptotic gene, which has been found to be critical to the pathogenesis during heart ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We investigate whether anti-PUMA protect mice from acute heart failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice were subjected to 30 min ischemia and 24 hrs reperfusion in the presence or absence of anti-PUMA. Treated mice were evaluated for heart PUMA protein and mRNA expression, and apoptosis by terminal deoxy nucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. RESULTS: In mice, anti-PUMA post conditioning markedly reduced PUMA mRNA and protein expression in the heart 4-fold. Hearts from mice that received anti-PUMA had substantially fewer heart muscles apoptosis by TUNEL staining. Anti-PUMA post-conditioning greatly reduced infarct size to 14.4±3.7%, from 38.2±3.9% in the untreated I/R group. Furthermore, survival experiments revealed that more than 90% of control mice died from lethal I/R, whereas 20% of the anti-PUMA post-treated mice survived until the end of the 10-day observation period. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the importance of PUMA-mediated apoptosis in heart ischemia-reperfusion injury. Silencing PUMA by recombinant PUMA has therapeutic promise to limit ischemia-reperfusion injury.

A novel KLF6-Rho GTPase axis regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and dissemination.

The presence of invasion into the extra-hepatic portion of the portal vein or the development of distant metastases renders hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients ineligible for the only potential curative options for this malignancy-tumor resection or organ transplantation. Gene expression profiling of murine HCC cell lines identified KLF6 as a potential regulator of HCC cell migration. KLF6 knockdown increases cell migration, consistent with the correlation between decreased KLF6 mRNA levels and the presence of vascular invasion in human HCC. Concordantly, single-copy deletion of Klf6 in a HCC mouse model results in increased tumor formation, increased metastasis to the lungs and decreased survival, indicating that KLF6 suppresses both HCC development and metastasis. By combining gene expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to deep sequencing, we identified novel transcriptional targets of KLF6 in HCC cells including VAV3, a known activator of the RAC1 small GTPase. Indeed, RAC1 activity is increased in KLF6-knockdown cells in a VAV3-dependent manner, and knockdown of either RAC1 or VAV3 impairs HCC cell migration. Together, our data demonstrate a novel function for KLF6 in constraining HCC dissemination through the regulation of a VAV3-RAC1 signaling axis.

Rapid molecular diagnosis of the Gilbert's syndrome-associated exon 1 mutation within the UGT1A1 gene.

Gilbert's syndrome is suspected in patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia caused by decreased activity of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene in the absence of abnormal liver function and hemolysis. The major genetic variants underlying Gilbert's syndrome are TATA-box repeats of the promoter region and exon 1 G211A of the coding region, particularly in Asians. The efficacy of DNA melting curve analysis, however, has not been established for the G211A mutation. For rapid and accurate molecular diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome, DNA melting curve analysis was evaluated for its genotyping capability not only for TATA-box repeats of the UGT1A1 promoter, but also for G211A of UGT1A1 exon 1. TA repeats within the TATA-box sequence and the exon 1 G211A mutation of the UGT1A1 gene were analyzed by DNA melting curve analysis. To evaluate the assay reliability, direct sequencing or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used as a comparative method. All homozygous and heterozygous polymorphisms of A(TA)7TAA within the TATA-box allele and of exon 1 G211A mutants of the UGT1A1 gene were successfully identified with DNA melting curve analysis. DNA melting curve analysis is, therefore, an effective molecular method for the rapid diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome, as it detects not only TATA-box polymorphisms but also the exon 1 G211A mutation located within the UGT1A1 gene.

Appropriate liver resection type for patients with the American joint committee on cancer classification T1 and T2 hepatocellular carcinoma.

SYNOPSIS: Major liver resection prevents intrahepatic tumor recurrence in T2 hepatocellular carcinoma patients with microvascular invasion or daughter nodules. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is no consensus on whether major or minor hepatectomy is better for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. We investigated the outcomes of liver resection type in resectable HCC patients. METHODS: Two hundred sixty-three HCC patients with Child-Pugh class A liver function who underwent curative hepatectomy were enrolled. Among them, 186 patients had pathologic stage T1 HCC and 77 had stage T2 HCC. Patients were also classed according to the type of resection (major or minor). Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Patients with T1 HCC who underwent major resection had a higher rate of blood transfusion than those who underwent minor resection (P < 0.001). The disease-free survival rate of T2 patients who underwent major resection was better than that of patients who underwent minor resection (P = 0.004). The overall survival rates of T1 and T2 HCC patients did not differ significantly between those with major or minor resection. CONCLUSIONS: Major liver resection is recommended for T2 HCC patients with adequate remnant liver function because it results in a better disease-free survival rate than does minor resection in these patients. Minor liver resection is suggested for T1 HCC patients, except for those with a tumor sitting close to vessels, because it is associated with a low incidence of blood transfusion and a good survival rate.

Correlation between SF-36 and six-minute walk distance in liver donors.

OBJECTIVE: We employed the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) to assess the quality of life (QoL) of donors after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS: This longitudinal prospective study had data collection via an interview and test or a mailed survey. Fifty-one liver LDLT donors underwent testing before and after donation using the SF-36 questionnaire and 6MWD. RESULTS: The physical component summary (PCS) of the SF-36 declined (P < .0001) and the mental component summary (MCS) increased significantly (P = .04) at 1 month after donation. The 6MWD declined significantly at 2 weeks after donation (P < .0001). After standardization, there was a high correlation between PCS and 6MWD (r(2) = 0.766). CONCLUSIONS: Liver donation had a moderate impact on donor physical status, but enhanced mental status. Similar decreasing trends were observed in 6MWD and PCS. After donation, real physical performance predicted PCS but not MCS.

Preliminary experience with gemcitabine and cisplatin adjuvant chemotherapy after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM: Liver transplantation (LT) criteria for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were refined to improved survival and disease-free rates. Adjuvant chemotherapy might eliminate disseminated tumor cells after removal of the primary liver cancer and thereby benefit LT recipients. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of an adjuvant chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin) on outcome of patients treated with LT for HCC. METHODS: Of the 99 patients who underwent liver transplantation from October 2001 through February 2006, there were 58 with HCC. Nine patients with extra-hepatic metastasis and four who died for noncancer-related reasons were excluded. Three groups (total n=45) were compared: Group A (n=15) met the Milan criteria and did not receive study chemotherapy, Group B (n=13) did not fit the Milan criteria and did not receive chemotherapy, and Group C (n=17) did not fit the Milan criteria and received gemcitabine and cisplatin. RESULTS: The chemotherapy regimen was well tolerated. Leukopenia, the need for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment, or both occurred in four patients. The disease-specific survival rates were better for groups A and C than for group B (p=0.02) and the disease-free survival rates were also better for groups A and C than for group B (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic gemcitabine and cisplatin may improve disease-specific and disease-free survival in HCC patients who do not meet the Milan criteria after LT.

Effects of music on gastric myoelectrical activity in healthy humans.

The aim was to study the effects of listening to music on gastric myoelectrical activity in healthy humans. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using surface electrogastrography from 17 healthy volunteers before and for 30 min after they listened to music. All subjects listened to the same music. Ten perceived the music as enjoyable and seven did not. The percentages of normal slow wave, dominant frequency and dominant power did not differ significantly between baseline and during music intervention. An analysis of covariance model that included the subjects' feelings about the music and dominant power showed significantly higher dominant power during music intervention in subjects who enjoyed the music (p < 0.01). In the individuals who enjoyed the music, dominant power (55.0 +/- 9.2 dB) was significantly higher during music intervention than at baseline (49.5 +/- 6.8 dB, p = 0.03). In the subjects who did not enjoy the music, dominant power was significantly lower during music intervention than at baseline (48.8 +/- 6.8 and 55.7 +/- 6.2 dB, respectively; p < 0.01). Listening to enjoyable music increases the amplitude of gastric myoelectrical activity in healthy humans. Music therapy may improve gastric motility and may be used to stimulate gastric emptying.

Prediction of the risk of hepatic failure in patients with portal vein invasion hepatoma after hepatic resection.

AIM: Hepatic failure can develop after curative hepatectomy in patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invading the portal vein, because of cirrhosis and excessive tissue loss. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for hepatic failure in such patients. METHOD: Forty patients with an HCC invading the portal vein underwent curative hepatectomy from January 1995 to June 2003. Eight patients developed hepatic failure and died within 3 months. Possible risk factors for this were analysed using univariate and multivariate regression. These included the liver function index, surgical blood loss, tumour pattern, portal hypertension, estimated residual liver volume measured by computed tomography (ERLV(CT)) and estimated residual liver volume using the indocyanine green (ICG) retention rate at 15 min (ERLV(ICG15)). RESULTS: The ERLV(CT) smaller than the ERLV(ICG15) and presence of portal hypertension were independent risk factors for post-hepatectomy hepatic failure. CONCLUSION: Having portal vein invasion HCC with portal hypertension or an ERLV(CT) less than an ERLV(ICG15) are significant predictors of post-hepatectomy hepatic failure. These factors are important considerations for patients with portal vein invasion HCC who could undergo curative hepatic resection.

Spectrum of luminescence from laser-created bubbles in water.

The spectrum of the luminescence emitted at the collapse of single laser-induced bubbles in water is measured for different maximum bubble radii. Bubbles as large as 2 mm show a molecular OH(*) band at 310 nm in the spectrum, which otherwise can be fitted approximately with a blackbody curve at a temperature of 7800 K. This finding provides a connection between the light emission of single bubbles and multibubble sonoluminescence, since in the latter case the same molecular band is observed. Surface instabilities are observed in the larger bubbles, and may be connected with the OH(*) emission.

Quenched Kosterlitz-Thouless superfluid transitions.

Rapidly quenched Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) superfluid transitions are studied by solving the Fokker-Planck equation for the vortex-pair dynamics in conjunction with the KT recursion relations. Power-law decays of the vortex density at long times are found, and the results are in agreement with a scaling proposal made by Minnhagen and co-workers for the dynamical critical exponent. The superfluid density is strongly depressed after a quench, with the subsequent recovery being logarithmically slow for starting temperatures near T(KT). No evidence is found of vortices being "created" in a rapid quench; there is only decay of the existing thermal vortex pairs.