Knowledge domain and emerging trends in anxiety and depression after myocardial infarction research during 2002-2022: Bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze developmental trends in anxiety and depression after myocardial infarction (ADMI) research in the past 20 years through bibliometrics analysis and predict future research directions. Methods: ADMI-related publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix software packages were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization. Results: Overall, 3220 ADMI-related publications were identified. The United States, China, and the Netherlands were the countries with the most publications. Carney RM, De Jonge P, and Blumenthal JA were the most influential researchers. In 2004, Van Melle JP, from the University of Groningen, published in Psychosomatic Medicine the most cited article. "Cardiac rehabilitation" was the primary focus area. "Cardiac rehabilitation," "management," "acute coronary syndrome," and "outcome" were the top four keywords in emerging research hotspots. Notably, the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on ADMI is an area of potential research value. Conclusion: Numerous studies have underscored the significance of cardiac rehabilitation. Present research focuses on managing anxiety and depression post-acute coronary syndrome and enhancing clinical outcomes through cardiac rehabilitation technology. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine for ADMI is expected to attract increased attention from researchers in the future.

Huanglian Jiedu decoction inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell-derived foam cell formation by activating autophagy via suppressing P2RY12.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) is a Chinese medicine with a long history of therapeutic application. It is widely used in treating atherosclerosis (AS) in Chinese medicine theory and clinical practice. However, the mechanism of HLJDD in treating AS remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of HLJDD in treating AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: AS was induced on high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, with the aorta pathological changes evaluated with lipid content and plaque progression. In vitro, foam cells were induced by subjecting primary mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to oxLDL incubation. After HLJDD intervention, VSMCs were assessed with lipid stack, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and the expression of foam cell markers. The effects of P2RY12 were tested by adopting clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (CDL) in vivo and transfecting P2RY12 over-expressive plasmid in vitro. Autophagy was inhibited by Chloroquine or transfecting siRNA targeting ATG7 (siATG7). The mechanism of HLJDD treating atherosclerosis was explored using network pharmacology and validated with molecular docking and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: HLJDD exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in lipid deposition, collagen loss, and necrosis within plaques. It also reversed lipid accumulation and down-regulated the expression of foam cell markers. P2RY12 inhibition alleviated AS, while P2RY12 overexpression enhanced foam cell formation and blocked the therapeutic effects of HLJDD. Network pharmacological analysis suggested that HLJDD might mediate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-induced autophagy. P2RY12 overexpression also impaired autophagy. Similarly, inhibiting autophagy counteracted the effect of CDL, exacerbated AS in vivo, and promoted foam cell formation in vitro. However, HLJDD treatment mitigated these detrimental effects by suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Immunofluorescence and molecular docking revealed a high affinity between P2RY12 and PIK3CB, while co-immunoprecipitation assays illustrated their interaction. CONCLUSIONS: HLJDD inhibited AS in vivo and foam cell formation in vitro by restoring P2RY12/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-suppressed autophagy. This study is the first to reveal an interaction between P2RY12 and PI3K3CB.

Geniposide ameliorates atherosclerosis by restoring lipophagy via suppressing PARP1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of global death, which manifests as arterial lipid stack and plaque formation. Geniposide is an iridoid glycoside extract from Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis that ameliorates AS by mediating autophagy. However, how Geniposide regulates autophagy and treats AS remains unclear. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of Geniposide in treating AS. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Geniposide was administered to high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and oxidized low-density lipoprotein-incubated primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). AS was evaluated with arterial lipid stack, plaque progression, and collagen loss in the artery. Foam cell formation was detected by lipid accumulation, inflammation, apoptosis, and the expression of foam cell markers. The mechanism of Geniposide in treating AS was assessed using network pharmacology. Lipophagy was measured by lysosomal activity, expression of lipophagy markers, and the co-localization of lipids and lipophagy markers. The effects of lipophagy were blocked using Chloroquine. The role of PARP1 was assessed by Olaparib (a PARP1 inhibitor) intervention and PARP1 overexpression. RESULTS: In vivo, Geniposide reversed high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia, plaque progression, and inflammation. In vitro, Geniposide inhibited VSMC-derived foam cell formation by suppressing lipid stack, apoptosis, and the expressions of foam cell markers. Network pharmacological analysis and in vitro validation suggested that Geniposide treated AS by enhancing lipophagy via suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The benefits of Geniposide in alleviating AS were offset by Chloroquine in vivo and in vitro. Inhibiting PARP1 using Olaparib promoted lipophagy and alleviated AS progression, while PARP1 overexpression exacerbated foam cell formation and lipophagy blockage. The above effects of PARP1 were weakened by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. PARP1 also inhibited the combination of the ABCG1 and PLIN1. CONCLUSION: Geniposide alleviated AS by restoring PARP1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-suppressed lipophagy. This study is the first to present the lipophagy-inducing effect of Geniposide and the binding of ABCG1 and PLIN1 inhibited by PARP1.

The progress of percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion: A bibliometric analysis from 1994 to 2022.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 32 million individuals worldwide. Although atrial fibrillation has been studied for decades, a comprehensive analysis using bibliometrics has not been performed for atrial fibrillation-left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). Therefore, we analyzed the scientific outputs of global LAAO research and explored the current research status and hotpots from 1994 to 2022. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science core collection for publications related to LAAO that were published between 1994 and 2022. We then performed bibliometric analysis and visualization using Microsoft Excel 2021, Bibliometric (https://bibliometric.com), VOSviewer (version 1.6.19), CiteSpace (version 6.2. R2), and the Bibliometrix 4.0.0 Package (https://www.bibliometrix.org) based on the R language were used to perform the bibliometric analysis, trend and emerging foci of LAAO in the past 29 years, including author, country, institution, journal distribution, article citations, and keywords. In total, we identified 1285 eligible publications in the field of LAAO, with an increasing trend in the annual number of publications. RESULTS: The United States is the country with the most published articles in this field, while the United Kingdom is the country with the most cited literature. Mayo Clinic, from the United States, has the most publications in this area and Horst Sievert from Germany had the highest number of individual publications. The analysis of keywords showed that fibrillation, stroke, safety, oral anticoagulants, and watchman were the main hotpots and frontier directions of LAAO. Surgical treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, upgrading of related surgical instruments, and anticoagulation regimen after surgical treatment are the major research frontiers. CONCLUSION: We show that the research of percutaneous LAAO has been increasing rapidly over the last decade. Our aim was to overview past studies in the field of LAAO, to grasp the frame of LAAO research, and identify new perspectives for future research.

Predicting apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using T-wave inversion: Three case reports.

BACKGROUND: Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a subtype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Due to its location, the thickening of the left ventricular apex can be missed on echocardiography. Giant negative T waves (GNTs) in left-sided chest leads are the hallmark electrocardiogram (ECG) change of AHCM. CASE SUMMARY: The first patient was a 68-year-old woman complaining of recurrent chest tightness persisting for more than 3 years. The second was a 59-year-old man complaining of spasmodic chest tightness persisting for more than 2 years. The third was a 55-year-old woman complaining of recurrent chest pain persisting for 4 mo. In all three cases, GNTs were observed several years prior to apical cardiac hypertrophy after other causes of T-wave inversion were ruled out. CONCLUSION: Electrophysiological abnormalities of AHCM appear earlier than structural abnormalities, confirming the early predictive value of ECG for AHCM.

Causal association between basal metabolic rate and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is associated with cardiovascular health; however, the causal relationship between BMR and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship of BMR on common CVDs including aortic aneurysm (AA), atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF), calcific aortic valvular stenosis (CAVS), heart failure (HF), and myocardial infarction (MI) by Mendelian randomization (MR). The univariable MR analysis using inverse variance weighted (IVW) model as the primary analysis method revealed that genetically predicted higher BMR causally increased the risk of AA [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval CI 1.09-1.65, p = 0.00527], AFF (IVW OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.65-2.12, p = 1.697 × E-22), and HF (IVW OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.20-1.51, p = 2.364 × E-07), while causally decreasing the risk of MI (IVW OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.93, p = 0.00255). In the multivariable MR analysis, which controlled for common cardiovascular risk factors, direct effects of BMR on an increased risk of AA and AFF, as well as a decreased risk of MI, but an attenuated causal effect on HF, were observed. In conclusion, the current MR study provides evidence for a causal relationship between BMR and the risk of AA, AFF, HF, and MI.

Intervention of Compound Xueshuantong Capsule on the incidence of heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI based on the combination of disease and syndrome: A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF), manifested as a severe or end stage of various cardiac diseases, is characterized by increased incidence, mortality, re-hospitalization, and economic burden. Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common and important causes of HF. Since 2005, acute MI (AMI)-associated mortality in China has been on the rise, and MI accounts for 23.1% of the causes of HF. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the unique advantages of controlling angina pectoris and HF symptoms, and improving patients' quality of life. Compound Xueshuantong Capsule (CXSTC), also named as Fufang Xueshuantong Capsule, has the effect of increasing cardiac output and protecting myocardial function. In this trial, we aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of CXSTC in the prophylactic treatment of post-infarction HF and attempt to provide a clinical evidence-based basis for the prophylactic treatment of HF after AMI using TCM. METHODS: This will be a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-parallel controlled trial. A total of 300 patients diagnosed with AMI and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention within 12 hours of diagnosis will be randomized 1:1 into 2 groups: the control group that will be administered conventional Western medicine plus placebo and the trial group that will be administered XST along with the conventional Western medicine. The duration of treatment will be 3 months and the follow-up will be up to 6 months for both groups. The main efficacy indicator is the incidence of HF. The secondary efficacy indicators are cardiac function classification, 6-minute walk test score, TCM syndrome score, survival quality score, brain natriuretic peptide level, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein level, and cardiac ultrasound result. Data will be collected to analyze the underlying mechanisms by using IBM SPSS 23.0 software. DISCUSSION: By investigating the efficacy and safety of CXSTC, this study will provide a clinical evidence base for the use of TCM in the prophylactic treatment of post-infarction HF.

Study on the Mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in Treating Dyslipidemia Based on Network Pharmacology.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the active ingredients of Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) and the targets for treating dyslipidemia through network pharmacology to facilitate further application of HJJDD in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Methods: Potential drug targets for dyslipidemia were identified with a protein-protein interaction network. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to elucidate the biological function and major pathways involved in the HLJDD-mediated treatment of dyslipidemia. Results: This approach revealed 22 components, 234 targets of HLJDD, and 221 targets of dyslipidemia. There were 14 components and 31 common targets between HLJDD and dyslipidemia treatment. GO enrichment analysis showed that these targets were mainly associated with the response to DNA-binding transcription factor activity, lipid localization and storage, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, and inflammatory response. The results of KEGG analysis indicated that the AGE-RAGE, NF-κB, HIF-1, IL-17, TNF, FoxO, and PPAR signalling pathways were enriched in the antidyslipidemic action of HLJDD. Conclusion: This study expounded the pharmacological actions and molecular mechanisms of HLJDD in treating dyslipidemia from a holistic perspective, which may provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of HLJDD.

Entire process of electrocardiogram recording of Wellens syndrome: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Wellens syndrome is an electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern seen in high-risk patients with unstable angina pectoris. It is characterized by inverted or biphasic T-waves that change into positive or pseudo-normalized waves at precordial leads when the patient experiences an angina attack; however, the mechanism for this condition remains unclear. CASE SUMMARY: A 47-year-old male patient experienced repeated, unprovoked episodes of chest pain for > 20 d, with worsening during the previous day. On the day of admission, he experienced episodes of paroxysmal chest pain lasting more than 30 min, in addition to radiating pain to the left arm and exertional dyspnea. The patient presented to the emergency department with no chest pain or other discomfort at that time. ECG at presentation showed sinus tachycardia and T-wave changes, which were identified as Wellens syndrome when combined with previous ECG findings. ECGs and myocardial enzymology examinations were normal when angina was present, but the ECG showed inverted or biphasic T-waves when angina was absent. After percutaneous coronary intervention, the ECGs demonstrated inverted or biphasic T-waves in the anterior precordial leads on days 0, 1, and 2, but normal T-waves on day 3. The ECGs showed no subsequent ischemic ST-T-wave changes. CONCLUSION: The Wellens syndrome pseudo-normalized T-waves likely reflect development of unstable angina pectoris into the hyperacute phase of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Effect of Shenfu Injection on Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Pacemaker-Like Cells and Improvement of Pacing Function of Sinoatrial Node.

Sick sinus syndrome (SSS), a complex type of cardiac arrhythmia, is a major health threat to humans. Shenfu injection (SFI), a formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is effective in improving bradyarrhythmia. However, the underlying mechanism of SFI's therapeutic effect is subject to few systematic investigations. The purpose of the present research is to examine whether SFI can boost the differentiation effectiveness of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into pacemaker-like cells and whether the transplantation of these cells can improve the pacing function of the sinoatrial node (SAN) in a rabbit model of SSS. BMSCs from New Zealand rabbits were extracted, followed by incubation in vitro. The flow cytometry was utilized to identify the expression of CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105 surface markers. The isolated BMSCs were treated with SFI, and the whole-cell patch-clamp method was performed to detect hyperpolarization-the activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4 (HCN4) channel current activation curve. The SSS rabbit model was established using the formaldehyde wet dressing method, and BMSCs treated with SFI were transplanted into the SAN of the SSS rabbit model. We detected changes in the body-surface electrocardiogram and recorded dynamic heart rate measurements. Furthermore, transplanted SFI-treated BMSCs were subjected to HE staining, TUNEL staining, qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to study their characteristics. Our results indicate that the transplantation of SFI-treated BMSCs into the SAN of SSS rabbits improved the pacing function of the SAN. In vitro data showed that SFI induced the proliferation of BMSCs, promoted their differentiation capacity into pacemaker-like cells, and increased the HCN4 expression in BMSCs. In vivo, the transplantation of SFI treated-BMSCs preserved the function of SAN in SSS rabbits, improved the expression of the HCN4 gene and gap junction proteins (Cx43 and Cx45), and significantly upregulated the expression of cAMP in the SAN, compared to the SSS model group. In summary, the present research demonstrated that SFI might enhance the differentiation capacity of BMSCs into pacemaker-like cells, hence offering a novel approach for the development of biological pacemakers. Additionally, we confirmed the effectiveness and safety of pacemaker-like cells differentiated from BMSCs in improving the pacing function of the SAN.

Effects of Home-Based Baduanjin Exercise on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Acute Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a major pathological basis associated with heart failure and increased mortality. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation has been verified to significantly improve prognosis and quality of life. As a traditional Chinese Qigong, Baduanjin exercise has effectively alleviated adverse LV remodeling in STEMI patients. Despite this, participation in exercise rehabilitation remains low, and home-based exercise rehabilitation may be an alternative approach. Besides, anterior STEMI is reported to have higher risk of adverse LV remodeling. However, the efficiency regarding home-based Baduanjin exercise on LV remodeling in anterior STEMI patients remains uncertain currently. METHODS/DESIGN: A single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of home-based Baduanjin exercise in anterior STEMI patients compared with moderate intensity aerobic walking. A total of 114 participants were assigned randomly to the Baduanjin group or walking control group at a 1:1 ratio. Eligible participants practiced Baduanjin or walking exercise (5 times a week) for 12 weeks, and then followed up for another 12 weeks. The primary outcome is a relative change in the LV end-diastolic volume. The secondary outcomes include the plasma levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein and interleukin 6, health-related quality of life measured by EQ-5D-5L, LV ejection fraction, patient health questionnaire-9, generalized anxiety disorder screener-7, short physical performance battery score, and clinical endpoint events. The proportion of circulating regulatory T-cells were also assessed. Adverse events were recorded throughout the trial for safety evaluation. Data were be analyzed by researchers blinded to the treatment allocation. DISCUSSION: This study provided powerful evidence for the use of home-based Baduanjin exercise in anterior STEMI patients in alleviating LV remodeling and improving clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine has approved this study (ZYYECK[2020]045). Written informed consent of patients were required. This trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100047298). DISSEMINATION: Our results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through academic conferences and the Internet.

Shenfu Injection: A Famous Chinese Prescription That Promotes HCN4 Activity in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

We investigated the effects of Shenfu Injection (SFI) on HCN4 activity in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The sample of BMSCs was divided into six groups: a control group, a high-dose SFI group (0.25 ml/ml), a middle-dose SFI group (0.1 ml/ml), a low-dose SFI group (0.05 ml/ml), an adenovirus-encoded control vector group, and an adenovirus-encoded HCN4 group. Cell ultrastructure was observed using a transmission electron microscope. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect HCN4 expression, and HCN4 activity was detected using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect cAMP content. Application of flow cytometry confirmed that the isolated cells showed BMSC-like phenotypes. Differentiation of BMSCs in both the SFI and the adenovirus-encoding HCN4 groups occurred according to the cellular ultrastructure. Application of the whole-cell patch clamp technique revealed that SFI could activate the inward pacing current of BMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner. The RT-qPCR results showed that HCN4 expression was significantly higher in the high-dose SFI group than in the medium- and low-dose groups, whereas the cAMP content in the overexpressed HCN4 group decreased significantly; this content in the high-dose SFI group increased significantly. In conclusion, SFI promotes HCN4 activity in BMSCs, which could explain its treatment effect when administered to patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Geniposide alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via the FOS/MAPK signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To assess geniposide's effects in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis and to explore the underpinning mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aorta histological changes were evaluated by intravenous ultrasound (IVUS) and H&E staining. Lipid accumulation in the aortic was quantified by Oil Red O staining. Then, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was carried out for detecting differentially expressed genes in rabbit high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. The levels of the cytokines CRP, IL-1ß and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. Protein levels of iNOS and Arg-1 were assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression levels of NR4A1, CD14, FOS, IL1A, iNOS and Arg-1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS: Geniposide markedly reduced the degree of atherosclerotic lesions in aorta tissues. RNA-seq and qPCR demonstrated that NR4A1, CD14, FOS and IL1A mRNA amounts were overtly increased in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. Moreover, geniposide reduced iNOS (M1 phenotype) mRNA and protein amounts as well as IL-1ß secretion, which were enhanced in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. Besides, Arg-1 (M2 phenotype) mRNA and protein amounts were significantly increased after geniposide treatment, as well as IL-10 secretion. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that geniposide could inhibit the progression of and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization and promoting M2 polarization through the FOS/MAPK signaling pathway.