ABSTRACT
@#<p>Primary amenorrhea is a symptom caused by different rare pathologic conditions. It is commonly seen during adolescence due to the absence of menses during this period. Presented here is a rare case of primary amenorrhea in an 18 year old girl with delayed pubertal growth and short stature which on series of investigations revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, absence of the uterus and non-visualized bilateral ovaries on MRI. Karyotyping showed 45,X0. The coexistence of MRKH and gonadal dysgenesis was considered in this case and has been reported in only a few studies up to this date. Its association is uncommon, hence, a multidisciplinary approach is warranted for the management of her case. Further implications on menses and future fertility options are the main considerations, affecting the quality of life.</p>
Subject(s)
Turner SyndromeABSTRACT
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease characterised by late-term reproductive failure in sows and gilts, and respiratory problems in piglets and growing pigs. In this study, 240 sera were collected from four farms that had been practicing different PRRS vaccination regime for more than a year and vaccinations were done at 2 months before sampling. Fifteen sera samples from four age groups: sows, growers, weaners and piglets were collected from each farm and analysed using IDEXX PRRS X3 ELISA for PRRSV antibodies. Pooled serum samples were tested by using nested-PCR that enable the differentiation of Type I and Type II PRRSV. Out of 80 pooled serum samples, none were positive for PRRSV indicating all age groups were not viraemic after vaccination. Results by ELISA test showed all the farms were seropositive for PRRS. ELISA testing showed no significant difference between the farms except for Farm B which practised whole herd US MLV vaccination. Farm B showed significantly lower (p<0.05) S/P ratio in their piglet, grower and sow groups which suggest there was low virus circulation in herd. Farm A which practised US MLV on sow was the only farm found to have seronegative status in their weaners. Data indicates PRRS MLV vaccination will not cause viraemia post four weeks vaccination and whole herd MLV vaccination may help to reduce virus circulation in PRRS endemic farm.
ABSTRACT
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease characterised by late-term reproductive failure in sows and gilts, and respiratory problems in piglets and growing pigs. In this study, 240 sera were collected from four farms that had been practicing different PRRS vaccination regime for more than a year and vaccinations were done at 2 months before sampling. Fifteen sera samples from four age groups: sows, growers, weaners and piglets were collected from each farm and analysed using IDEXX PRRS X3 ELISA for PRRSV antibodies. Pooled serum samples were tested by using nested-PCR that enable the differentiation of Type I and Type II PRRSV. Out of 80 pooled serum samples, none were positive for PRRSV indicating all age groups were not viraemic after vaccination. Results by ELISA test showed all the farms were seropositive for PRRS. ELISA testing showed no significant difference between the farms except for Farm B which practised whole herd US MLV vaccination. Farm B showed significantly lower (p<0.05) S/P ratio in their piglet, grower and sow groups which suggest there was low virus circulation in herd. Farm A which practised US MLV on sow was the only farm found to have seronegative status in their weaners. Data indicates PRRS MLV vaccination will not cause viraemia post four weeks vaccination and whole herd MLV vaccination may help to reduce virus circulation in PRRS endemic farm.
