[Comparative study of hazards of energy plutonium and standard Pu-239 using non stochastic effects]. / Sravnitel'naia opasnost' énergeticheskogo plutoniia i standartnogo 239Pu po nestokhastichesksim éffektom.

In experiment with rats it was found that the "energy" Pu is more toxic than standard 239Pu when entered endotracheally. The comparison was made by the non-stochastic effects. The toxicity in respiratory system and blood system was 1.8 and 1.6 times higher when calculated per 1sGy of absorbed dose and 1.6 and 1.1 times higher when calculated per 1kBg/kg of the amount taken, respectively.

[Modifying effect of tributylphosphate (TBP) and hexachlorbutadien (HCLB) on non-stochastic effects of inhaled Pu-239]. / Modifitsiruiushchee vliianie tributilfosfata (TBF) i geksakhlorbutadiena (GKhBD) na nestokhasticheskie éffecty ot ingaliruemogo 239 Pu.

It has been established in experiments on rats that under combined inhalation exposure to 239Pu along with TBP and HCLB in amounts which may cause the changes in blood and immune systems the enhancing of different non-stochastic effects on the average by two times on a basis of a unit absorbed dose in comparison with isolated nuclide inhalation.

[Behavior of plutonium-239 in the body of rats inhaling it in a complex with tributyl phosphate in hexachlorobutadiene]. / Povedenie plutoniia-239 v organizme krys pri ingaliatsii v komplekse s tributilfosfatom v geksakhlorbutadiene.

3.2-fold increase of resorption of plutonium-239 administered as a 239Pu complex with tributyl phosphate (TBP) in hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) was observed during the first 4 days in an experiment on 120 Wistar rats, as compared to the resorption level during the administration of 239Pu alone, greater accumulation in the organs of secondary deposition, followed by disappearance of differences, but for the kidneys, where the differences were observed until the end of the experiment. These features did not lead to an increase of absorbed radiation doses in the critical organs by the end of the study. It is proposed to maintain control over safe levels of the 239Pu-TBP-HCBD complex in the working area air for DKA 239Pu.

[Effect of separate and combined effects of plutonium-239, hexachlorobutadiene and tributyl phosphate on the thymus gland of rats]. / Vliianie razdel'nogo i sochetannogo deistviia plutoniia-239, geksakhlorbutadiena, tributilfosfata na vilochkovuiu zhelezu krys.

It has been established in the experiment on rats exposed to a joint action of plutonium-239, hexachlorobutadiene and ++tributyl phosphate, that manifestations of disturbances from radiation and chemical factors which are more expressed under a joint exposure, are characteristic of the thymus gland damage pattern. As far as lymphocytes count in the organ is concerned, the effect of the joint exposure is no more than additive.

[The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells exposed to the joint and separate actions on the body of 239Pu, hexachlorobutadiene and tributyl phosphate]. / Tsitotoksicheskaia aktivnost' natural'nykh killerov pri sovmestom i razdel'nom deistvii na organizm 239Pu, geksakhlorbutadiena i tributilfosfata.

Wistar rats were subjected to a single exposure to 239Pu nitrate through inhalation with the subsequent procedure of imitation of inhalation or without it (the amount of 239Pu deposited in the lungs in 24 hr was 8.9 +/- 1.9 kBq/lung) and inhalation of hexachlorobutadiene and tributyl phosphate within one month in a combination with the radionuclide or without it. There was a 1.5-fold increase, above additive, in the harmful effect of 239Pu and chemical agents on the function of natural killers as observed 15--30 days after the combined exposure as compared to individual inhalation. On days 120 to 240 cell cytotoxic activity in rats of all groups was normalized to reach or to exceed the intact control.

[Biological action of plutonium-239 on Salmonella typhimurium]. / Biologicheskoe deistvie plutoniia-239 na Salmonella typhimurium.

Salmonella typhimurium cells were exposed in a 239Pu citrate solution. Cell death and induction of gene mutations were an exponential function of gamma radiation dose. LD37 was 34.8 Gy; mutation doubling dose, 19 Gy.

[Quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of exposure of the joints to 239Pu and tributyl phosphate by the degree of leukopenia in rats]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka éffektivnosti sovmestnogo vozdeistviia 239Pu i tributilfosfata po stepeni leikopenii u krys.

The efficiency of the combined effect of 239Pu and tributyl phosphate was estimated by the severity of leucopenia in Wistar rats using the regression method and comparing the value of the actual change with the expected one. It was shown that the additive effect of the two agents delivered simultaneously was only exceeded when their doses were the largest that is, approximate the acute levels. With levels ranging from subacute effective to minimum effective ones the additivity diminished.