[Distribution of polyamines in Escherichia coli and their role in potassium exchange between the cell and the environment during aerobiosis-anaerobiosis transitions]. / Raspredelenie poliaminov u Escherichia coli i ikh rol' v obmene kaliia mezhdu kletkoi i sredoi v protsesse aérobno-anaérobnykh perekhodov.

The transition of E. coli cells to anaerobiosis is accompanied by the onset of two cellular cation flows in different directions: potassium is released into the environment, and putrescine enters the cells. If aerobic conditions are reestablished, the cation flows change directions. Under anaerobiosis, the cell components bind putrescine. Investigation of the chemical interactions resulting in putrescine binding and metabolic conversion under anaerobic conditions revealed DNA to be the main target in this process. The driving forces and mechanisms of cation transfer are discussed, and the involvement of putrescine in topological changes in the DNA and the development of adaptive cell responses to anaerobiosis is considered.

[Pathology of the hemostatic system in the acute period of an ischemic stroke and the possibilities for its therapeutic correction]. / Patologiia sistemy hemostaza v ostrom periode ishemicheskogo insul'ta i vozmozhnosti ee terapevticheskoi korrektsii.

The indices of blood haemostasis adequately reflecting the state of coagulative, fibrinolytic, anticoagulative and platelet aggregation systems were examined in 150 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The four haemostasiological syndromes such as hyperaggregation, hypercoagulation, depressed fibrinolysis, hypercoagulation and three types of thrombophilias were distinguished and described in detail. The special features of coagulopathic disorders depending on etiology, severity and stroke onset period were characterized. The authors developed some recommendations on selective medical correction of haemostatic disorders in acute period of brain infarction.

[Role of putrescine in the antiporter mechanism of potassium transport in Escherichia coli and its role in the regulation of intracellular pH]. / Uchastie putrestsina v antiporternom mekhanizme transporta kaliia u Escherichia coli i ego rol' v reguliatsii kletochnogo pH.

The interrelation between the Escherichia coli transport processes of K+ and putrescine+2 was investigated under the inhibition and limitation of the main energy consuming potassium transport systems (Trk, Kdp). It was shown that the potassium addition to the potassium deprived putrescine loaded cells triggers the putrescine exit at the exchange on the potassium. The stoichiometry of putrescine +2/2K+ translocation provide the electroneutrality of this process. The putrescine gradient turnover changes the potassium transport direction on the opposite one. The submitted experimental data are the evidence of putrescine +2/2K+ antiporter existence. The role of this antiporter in the E. coli pH-homeostasis is discussed.

[Role of the energy status and putrescine transport in the maintenance of the intracellular pH homeostasis in the course of alkaline and acidic shifts in Escherichia coli]. / Rol' énergeticheskogo statusa i transporta putrestsina v obespechenii gomeostaza vnutrikletochnogo pH v protsesse shchelochnykh i kislp6nykhshiftov u Escherichia coli.

Alkaline and acidic shifts in exponentially grown Escherichia coli cultures were accompanied by an abatement of the cell energetic status (decline of ATP and energy charge and increase of the ADP and AMP pools). This event led to a suspension of the growth at (the means of) pH 9.0 and 6.0 accordingly. An increment of ornithine decarboxylase activity and an efflux of putrescine from the cells were observed in the course of alkaline shift. Environmental acidification was accompanied by intensification of the cell respiration rate and H+ATPase activity in the absence of the putrescine efflux from the cells. The involvement of the polyamine synthesizing system in the regulation of cell K+ content and the role of the primary proton pumps in the maintenance of pH homeostasis are discussed.

[A case of Rud's syndrome]. / Sluchai sindroma Ruda.

A twenty-two-year-old patient is described who developed in the presence of congenital ichthyosis, osseous system developmental abnormalities, and psychopathologic personality disorders fits with loss of consciousness and seizures whose epileptic nature was proved by EEG studies. Clinical symptom complex found in this patient conformed to description of a rare hereditary disease, Rud's syndrome. The role of hereditary abnormalities in epilepsy development is discussed, as are problems of differential diagnosis of Rud's syndrome and other rare hereditary diseases with combinations of ichthyosis, epilepsy, and intellect disturbances.

[The Kearns-Sayre syndrome]. / Sindrom Kirnsa--Seira.

The paper describes Kearns-Sayre's syndrome, a rare hereditary neuromuscular disease, in a patient aged 17 years. The clinical picture of the disease had a classical triad: external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, and cardiac conduction disturbances. This triad was supplemented with other polymorphous symptoms characteristic of the syndrome, such as moderate myopathic syndrome, hemeralopia, physical infantilism, hypogonadism, pyramidal syndrome. Bifascicular block in the His-Purkinje system was accompanied by mitral prolapse. The problems of early diagnosis of the syndrome and choice of adequate therapeutical methods are discussed.

[Thyroid function in brain concussion]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie shchitovidnoi zhelezy pri sotriasenii golovnogo mozga.

RIA was used to study the quantitative content in the blood serum of thyrotropic (TTH), thyroid (total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine, triiodothyronine (T3) hormones and thyroxine-binding capacity of blood plasma proteins in 30 patients with brain concussion from the first to the 12th day of disease. The patients' hormonal profile was characterized by normal characteristics of TTH, depression of the transport organic phase of thyroid metabolism with a decrease of the T4 concentration, a reduction of the thyroxine-binding capacity of plasma protein, and simultaneous activation of the peripheral stage of iodine metabolism with excess accumulation in the blood of active hormones--free thyroxine and T3. The data obtained deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of craniocerebral injury (CCI). The neuroendocrine syndrome identified is specific for mild CCI. It can be used as a differential diagnostic criterion for expert medical evaluation purposes.

[The effect of the physiological state of Escherichia coli on the nucleoid ultrastructure under stress exposures]. / Vliianie fiziologicheskogo sostoianiia Escherichia coli na ul'trastrukturu nukleoida v usloviiakh stressovykh vozdeistvii.

The energetic state and activity of polyamine-synthesizing system of E. coli were studied under conditions of aerobic-anaerobic and pH transitions, nutrition shifts, osmotic and heat shocks. The electron microscopy of cells showed a correlation between cell physiological state and nucleoid ultrastructure. The role of energetic status and polyamines in the regulation of DNA supercoiling is discussed which is a putative cause for the changes observed in the nucleoid ultrastructure.

[Role of the energy status of Escherichia coli in cell membrane phospholipid composition changes during aerobic-anaerobic transitions]. / Rol' énergeticheskogo statusa Escherichia coli v izmenenii fosfolipidnogo sostava kletochnykh membran pri aérobno-anaérobnykh perekhodakh]

The aerobic to anaerobic transition of E. coli is accompanied with interrelated changes of the adenylate pool, energy charge, respiration rate, as well as the phospholipid content of the cell membranes and the activity of the polyamine synthesizing system. The role of the cellular energy status in the control of the relative content of membrane phospholipids is discussed. The control is based either on energy redistribution in phospholipid metabolism or on the effect on the activity of the polyamine synthesizing system.

[Hemostasis in patients with ischemic stroke]. / Sostoianie gemostaza u bol'nykh ishemicheskim insul'tom.

Modern informative techniques were employed to explore the coagulation, fibrinolytic and aggregation platelet systems of hemostasis in 117 patients in the most acute , acute, early, late restorative and residual periods of ischemic brain stroke. Disorders of the hemostatic system in the form of hyperaggregation, hypercoagulation, depression of fibrinolysis, and an increase of blood viscosity were revealed as were some specific features marking different period of brain stroke. Mono- and multi-systemic disorders of hemocoagulation and three types of coagulopathies were distinguished. Emphasis is laid on the necessity and feasibility of a goal-oriented selective correction of the pathological conditions of hemostasis at different periods of brain stroke by means of administering appropriate drugs.

[Relation between the energy parameters and the free pool of polyamines in Escherichia coli during synchronous growth]. / Sootnoshenie énergeticheskikh parametrov i svobodnogo pula poliaminov Escherichia coli v protsesse sinkhronnogo rosta.

The cell cycle of Escherichia coli is characterised by synchronous oscillations in the levels of ATP and putrescine. Oscillations in the pool of putrescine are determined by ATP content which exerts a strong stimulating effect on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the key enzyme of polyamine synthesis. The results allow one to consider the system of polyamine synthesis as a point in the regulatory interaction (coupling) between the constructive and energetic types of E. coli metabolism.

[Changes in the pool of polyamines [correction of polyvitamins] during transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions and localization of enzymes for their synthesis in Escherichia coli cells]. / Izmenenie pula poliaminov [correction of polivitaminov] v protsesse perekhoda ot anaérobnykh k aérobnym usloviiam i lokalizatsiia fermentov ikh sinteza v kletkakh Escherichia coli.

The content of intra- and extracellular polyamines and the activity of enzymes mediating their synthesis change depending on the regime of cell aeration. The pool of putrescine rises abruptly upon the transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions owing to its liberation from the bound state as well as due to an increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase; as a result, the structural-functional organisation of membranes is restored. The free pool of cadaverine appears because, presumably, its binding to membranes is upset and the activity of lysine decarboxylase rises. The localisation of the enzymes for polyamine synthesis in the cell seems to be determined by the specific action of their products on particular cellular structures and metabolic processes in Escherichia coli cells.

[The role of intracellular pool of polyamines in the regulation of metabolism in Escherichia coli during aerobic-anaerobic transitions]. / Rol' vnutrikletochnogo pula poliaminov v reguliatsii konstruktivnogo obmena Escherichia coli v protsesse aérobno-anaérobnykh perekhodov.

The transition from aerobic to anaerobic conditions of Escherichia coli cultivation is accompanied by a drop in the free pool of putrescine in the cell as well as in the medium and by a decrease in the intracellular concentration of spermidine. This process stems from at least two facts: (1) the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of polyamines, falls down due to a decrease in the level of ATP in the cell; (2) the free pool of polyamines is bound to cell compartments, in particular, to nucleoid DNA. The results make it possible to consider the system of polyamine synthesis as a point in the regulatory interaction between the energetic and constructive types of E. coli metabolism.

[Exchange of polyamines between the cell and the environment as one of the factors determining the growth of cultures of Escherichia coli with additional feeding]. / Obmen poliaminami mezhdu kletkoi i sredoi kak odin iz faktorov, opredeliaiushchikh razvitie kul'tur Escherichia coli s podpitkoi.

Escherichia coli growth in a synthetic medium with glucose is accompanied by the interdependent change of putrescine content in the cell and its environment, which maintains a homeostatic equilibrium. The rate of putrescine efflux at the early stage of the culture growth is directly proportional to putrescine intracellular pool but the rate of putrescine uptake is inversely proportional to its value. The constitutive form of ornithine decarboxylase with the pH optimum 8.0 is responsible for putrescine synthesis. Glucose deficiency favours the utilisation of acidic glucose metabolites but the homeostatic system of putrescine makes its intracellular content remain at a high level, which stimulates constructive processes in the following growth.

[Disorders of thyroid function as a consequence of severe craniocerebral injury]. / O narusheniiakh funktsii shchitovidnoi zhelezy vsledstvie tiazheloi cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

In 32 patients with acute severe head trauma (SHT) the venous plasma levels of thyroid and thyrotrophic (TTH) hormones were studied and the functional state of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid system assessed. TTH hypersecretion and steady thyroid hypofunction are regular responses of the thyroid endocrine complex to SHT. Pathogenic mechanisms of the adenohypophyseal and thyroid dysfunctions in acute SHT are discussed and the need in their correction suggested.

[Changes in the energy status of synchronous Escherichia coli cultures during aerobic-anaerobic transitions]. / Izmenenie énergeticheskogo statusa sinkhronnykh kul'tur Escherichia coli v protsesse aérobno-anaérobnykh perekhodov.

The behaviour of energy and growth parameters for a synchronous Escherichia coli culture was studied in the course of aerobic-anaerobic transitions induced by either reversible or constant cessation of aeration at different phases of the cell cycle. The intracellular concentrations of ATP, ADP and AMP were assayed using a technique developed by the authors and based on thin-layer chromatography of adenyl nucleotide dansyl derivatives. Prolonged anaerobiosis led to profound alterations in the energy status which diminished the energy flux in constructional processes and preserved the energy resources for maintenance needs. The response of the energy parameters to a transitory anaerobic shock depended on the phase of synchronous growth and, apparently, on the ratio between the rates of reactions supplying and consuming the energy, which underwent changes in the cell cycle.

[Reactions of the thyroid gland in the acute period of craniocerebral injuries]. / Reaktsii shchitovidnoi zhelezy v ostrom periode cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

The authors analysed individual graphic images of the hormonal profile according to the content of thyroid hormones (T4, T3) in blood of 32 patients with severe and moderate brain contusion. Four types of thyroid gland responses can be distinguished according to the severity and clinical features of the contusion, which can be used as a differential-diagnostic and prognostic criterion in certain types of craniocerebral trauma.