ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Administration of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 for 2 weeks induces a successful cartilaginous repair response in 5-mm full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rabbits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a short time exposure to FGF-2 on the repair of the defects. METHODS: Five-mm-diameter cylindrical defects, which do not repair spontaneously, were created in the femoral trochlea of the rabbit knees. The defects were administered sterile saline or FGF-2 (150pg/h) via an osmotic pump for the initial 1 day, 3 days, or 2 weeks, and we assessed the FGF-2 action on the proliferation and migration of mesenchymal cells in the reparative tissue. Using a total of 126 rabbits, we performed three sets of experiments. We also studied the effect of FGF-2 on migration of marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in vitro. RESULTS: FGF-2 treatment for 1 day or 3 days induced the sequential chondrogenic repair responses that led to successful cartilaginous resurfacing of defects within 8 weeks as well as the 2-week treatment did. We confirmed by a radioisotope study that FGF-2 injected was rapidly eliminated from the defects (a residual ratio of 50% within 30min). The effect of FGF-2 on cultured marrow-derived cells suggested that FGF-2 facilitated the mobilization and migration of replicating mesenchymal cells from bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS: Only 1 day exposure to FGF-2 is sufficient for induction of the chondrogenic repair response in 5-mm-diameter full-thickness defects of articular cartilage in rabbits. FGF-2 stimulated the recruitment of mesenchymal cells into the defects, which was a limiting step for the induction of cartilage.
Subject(s)
Cartilage, Articular/injuries , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Cartilage, Articular/drug effects , Cartilage, Articular/pathology , Cell Division/drug effects , Chemotaxis/drug effects , Chondrogenesis/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacokinetics , Male , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism , RabbitsABSTRACT
Seventy-nine patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) received treatment at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1962 and 1985. The patients ranged in age from 4 months to 74 years with a median age of 6 years. Forty-six patients were male and 33 were female. The primary tumor site of RMS was the same as in the previous report. The head and neck region was the most frequent site (40.5%), followed by the extremities (34.1%), genitourinary region (15.2%), trunk (5.1%) and retroperitoneum (5.1%). Histologic types were embryonal RMS in 45 patients, alveolar RMS in 23 patients, pleomorphic RMS in 8 patients and unclassified RMS in 3 patients. As of October 1985, 14 of the 79 patients were still alive. Between 1962 and 1971, 38 patients were not treated by any protocol. After 1972, 41 patients received treatment using a 3 stage-related, multiple-modality program. In the first protocol, chemotherapy consisted of Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, and Actinomycin-D, and 1 of 18 patients have survived more than 5 years. The cumulative 5-year survival rate of the first protocol was 11.1%. In the second treatment program, which involved Adriamycin in addition to the 3 drugs cited above, 4 of 23 patients have survived more than 5 years. The cumulative 5-year survival rate, 33.2%, was very improved.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Rhabdomyosarcoma/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Dactinomycin/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Japan , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Prognosis , Radiotherapy Dosage , Rhabdomyosarcoma/mortality , Rhabdomyosarcoma/radiotherapy , Rhabdomyosarcoma/surgery , Vincristine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Eight hundred and thirty-six patients with metastatic cancer in the bone excluding autopsy findings, occurring between January, 1976 and December, 1985 were reviewed. The most frequent site of primary focus was the breast (33.2%), followed by lung (24.6%). Three hundred and forty-two patients (40.9%) were male and 494 (59.1%) female. Diagnosis of bone metastasis was based on abnormal accumulation in the bone scintigram and abnormal findings in the bone X-ray at the same site. Out of 836 patients, 285 had metastatic skeletal lesion including extremities and 43 had a solitary lesion of the extremity. The most frequent site of bone metastases in the extremity was proximal femur and involvement of the femur was 65.2% and that of humerus was 25.6%. The majority of the patients were treated by irradiation (24.9%), irradiation with chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy (21.1%), chemotherapy (18.6%) and chemotherapy with hormone therapy (17.2%), on the other hand, only 25(8.8%) of 285 patients were treated by surgical procedures. Cumulative survival rate after diagnosis of bone metastasis varied with site of primary focus and 5 year survival rate of all cases was 6.1%. Clinical courses after skeletal metastasis were separated into two types, and one type was breast type which was slow and other type was lung type which was rapid. The most important factor for the prognosis of the patients with bone metastasis is thought to be the primary site of origin.
