Subject(s)
Radioimmunoassay , Testosterone/urine , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Time FactorsABSTRACT
In this work is pointed to the usage of reaction chromatography, i. e. the direct formation of defined compounds of benzodiazepine on the chromatographic plate. The benzodiazepines may be converted to benzophenone derivatives by treatment with concentr. hydrochloric acid. In cases of intoxication the reaction chromatography shortens the time of analysis and it has a greater diagnostic value. For some compounds, however, the micropreparation procedure on the chromatographic plate is preferable. The latter method is suitable for nitroderivatives which are transformed to 7-amino-derivates, occurring also as metabolites. Micropreparation involves the reduction of nitroderivatives by TiCl3.
Subject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/analysis , Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods , BenzodiazepinesABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay of nortestosterone and related steroids, including its principal metabolities, is described and evaluated. Antisera against nortestosterone-17 beta-hemisuccinate- and nortestosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin were raised in goats. By using a mixture of such antisera with different selectivity, the cross-reactions of several naturally occurring steroids can be reduced. The method can be applied for the detection of nortestosterone in both unprocessed or hydrolyzed urine extracts and also in plasma. It has been used as a screening test for anabolics in doping control.
Subject(s)
Nandrolone/analogs & derivatives , Nandrolone/analysis , Animals , Antibodies/analysis , Antibody Specificity , Cross Reactions , Goats/immunology , Humans , Male , Methods , Radioimmunoassay , Testosterone/immunologyABSTRACT
Research in and development of computer techniques and large-scale integration technology have made considerable progress over the past thirty years. Examples of the development of gas chromatography, highly effective liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry apparatures are given to show the most up-to-date equipment enabling, in combination with computer tecniques, modernization, automation and economical retrieval and processing of the results of investigations. The authors discuss the uses of microcomputers, in particular the so called scientific programming pocket calculator and their anticipated contribution. There are also examples of automatic apparatus application, particularly those for therpay monitoring, i.e. primarily the estimation of the levels of certain highly effective drugs, or drugs with undesirable side-effects (e.g. diphenylhydantoin drugs, barbiturates, aminoplvyllin, etc.).
Subject(s)
Chromatography/methods , Computers , Forensic Medicine/instrumentation , HumansSubject(s)
Tolbutamide/poisoning , Adult , Female , Humans , Poisoning/diagnosis , Tolbutamide/urineABSTRACT
A method for the detection of anabolic 17-alpha-alkylated androstane derivatives in both plasma and urine is described and evaluated. The goat and rabbit antisera against 17-alpha-Methyltestosterone-3-carboxymethyloxim-Rinder-serum albumin were raised and compared using [3H]methandrostenolone as a tracer. 22 Steroids including 10 potent synthetic anabolics were tested for their cross-reaction with these antisera.
Subject(s)
Androstanes/analysis , Androstanes/blood , Androstanes/urine , Cross Reactions , Humans , Methyltestosterone/analogs & derivatives , Methyltestosterone/immunology , Radioimmunoassay/methodsABSTRACT
In doping controls it is important to exclude essential substances that are not in the list of forbidden drugs. Similarly it is important as well for these drugs to be proved in analgesic mixture abuse. An example being the proof of amidopyrine and its metabolites, further on p-phenetidine as a metabolie of phenacetin in alkaline urine extracts. Results are given in using thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography and the identification by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/urine , Doping in Sports , Aminopyrine/urine , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Humans , Phenacetin/urine , Phenetidine/urineABSTRACT
In the presented paper experiences with the practical usage of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry system are given. Cases of the identification of forbidden doping drugs and some significant groups of medicaments are described. The possibility of the identification of drug metabolites and interfering substances is pointed as well. Examples of chemical ionization usage are given from literature papers. This work points out the advantages of both methods for the identification of drugs in biological material. The priority and possibility of both procedures are evaluated critically.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, Gas , Forensic Medicine , Mass Spectrometry , Ephedrine/metabolism , Humans , Lidocaine/metabolism , Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/metabolism , Meperidine/metabolism , Morphine/metabolism , Phenobarbital/metabolism , Tranquilizing Agents/metabolismABSTRACT
In the present paper, discussion has been focused upon the problem of identifying toxic substances with the aid of the GC/MS system, i.e. gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Factors involved in a successful combination of a gas chromatography with a mass spectrophotometer have been pointed out. In addition attention has been drawn to the two various ways of obtaining the spectra, i.e. the classic EI spectra and those obtained during chemical ionization, the mode of performing mass fragmentography and, last, the importance and characteristic features of the computer-controlled GC/MS systems.
