ABSTRACT
The effect of food additive including antioxidant dihydroquercetin and polysaccharide arabinogalactan on the activity of metabolic enzymes in muscles and liver of artificially grown rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss affected by bacterial infection was investigated. The results of the study indicated an increase in the resistance of trout to the action of bacterial infection with the enrichment of the diet with the studied bioactive components, apparently mediated, among other factors, by the activation of metabolic pathways of synthesis of energy and reducing equivalents.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/metabolism , Fish Diseases/metabolism , Liver/enzymology , Trout/metabolism , Animals , Bacteremia/microbiology , Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism , Energy Metabolism , Fish Diseases/microbiology , Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Trout/microbiologyABSTRACT
The activity of the key enzymes of the energy and carbohydrate metabolism (cytochrome c oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) have been studied in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus spawning in different biotopes of the White Sea (Sel'dyanaya Bay, Sukhaya Salma Strait, and Kolyushkovaya Lagoon). It was found that individuals of stickleback from different spawning grounds differed mainly in the level of anaerobic metabolism and in the degree of utilization of carbohydrates during glycolysis. The results testify to the existence of adaptive mechanisms for the restructuring of the metabolic pathways of the energy metabolism depending on habitat conditions in different biotopes during the spawning period.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Fish Proteins/metabolism , Glycolysis , Smegmamorpha/metabolism , Adaptation, Physiological , Animals , Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism , Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism , Gills/enzymology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Liver/enzymology , Muscle, Skeletal/enzymologyABSTRACT
The activity of the enzymes of the energy and carbohydrate metabolisms (cytochrome-c oxidase, L-lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase) have been studied in White Sea herring (the 1+, 2+, and 3+ age groups) sampled in Onega Bay, Dvina Bay, and Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea. The bays differ in the hydrological regime, ecological and feeding conditions. The individual variability of the enzyme activity was the largest in the herring of the age 1+. The flexibility of the intensity and vector of the basic metabolic reactions probably supports the energy homeostasis, preconditions the switching to the most effective way of using the resources, and regulates the synthesis of the structural and storage molecules, as well as vectors the adaptation strategy of herring specimens of each age group to the hydrological regime, environment, and feeding conditions of the particular bay, corresponding to their age-related characteristics.
Subject(s)
Carbohydrate Metabolism/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Fishes/physiology , Animals , Fish Proteins/metabolism , Oceans and Seas , RussiaABSTRACT
In order to investigate the metabolic regulation in Atlantic salmon fries (Salmo salar L.) during their growth, development, and in the course of size divergence, age-related changes in the activity of enzymes involved in the energy and carbohydrate metabolism, including myosin heavy chain isoform expression, RNA/DNA ratio in the white muscles and liver of specimens at ages of 0+; 1+, and 2+, as well as correlations of these characteristics with the body weight of fish specimens were analyzed. Multidirectional changes in the activity of enzymes taking part in aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism, as well as a decrease in the protein synthesis with age, were revealed. There was a positive correlation between the activities of cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and myosin gene expression in the muscles, cytochrome oxidase activity, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver with the body weight of salmon specimens within the age groups.
Subject(s)
Carbohydrate Metabolism/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Fish Proteins/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Salmo salar/physiology , Animals , Female , Male , MiceABSTRACT
Correlation analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation of linear-weight characteristics of the steelhead rainbow trout (cultivated steelhead form) with an RNA/DNA ratio and the expression level of the gene encoding cytochrome c oxidase (CO) in two-year-old individuals (1+) as well as the expression level of the gene encoding the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and activities of the enzymes CO and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in muscles and 1-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (1-GPDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) in the liver of two- and three-year-old individuals (1+ and 2+). With age, the correlation of 1-GPDH and G-6-PDH activities in the rainbow trout liver with the fish body weight increased, whereas their correlations with the body length reduced. The age- and sex-related distinctions in the MyHC gene expression and activities of the white muscle enzyme LDH and the liver enzymes 2-GPDH and G-6-PDH were detected in rainbow trout of both age cohorts.
