Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19: urgent attention required.

OBJECTIVE: To identify epidemiological and clinical characteristics of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome associated with coronavirus infection as one of the severe forms of COVID-19 involvement in children and adolescents. METHODS: review was based on articles published in 2020 in the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, SciELO and Cochrane databases. SUMMARY: Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome is a serious clinical disorder that affects children and adolescents and is associated with the detection of previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2. It is characterized by the installation of a shock picture, with a significant increase in inflammatory markers such as presentations of Kawasaki Disease or shock syndrome related to Kawasaki Disease, or even toxic shock syndrome, with the clinical picture being characterized by fever of difficult control, rash, conjunctivitis, peripheral edema, generalized pain in the extremities and gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Although the vast majority of children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, it is necessary to consider that some have a hyperinflammatory response. It is essential that health professionals receive information that can assist in the recognition of this clinical condition, differentiating it from other diagnoses, so that early and appropriate treatment is instituted.

Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19: urgent attention required

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To identify epidemiological and clinical characteristics of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome associated with coronavirus infection as one of the severe forms of COVID-19 involvement in children and adolescents. METHODS: review was based on articles published in 2020 in the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, SciELO and Cochrane databases. SUMMARY: Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome is a serious clinical disorder that affects children and adolescents and is associated with the detection of previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2. It is characterized by the installation of a shock picture, with a significant increase in inflammatory markers such as presentations of Kawasaki Disease or shock syndrome related to Kawasaki Disease, or even toxic shock syndrome, with the clinical picture being characterized by fever of difficult control, rash, conjunctivitis, peripheral edema, generalized pain in the extremities and gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Although the vast majority of children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, it is necessary to consider that some have a hyperinflammatory response. It is essential that health professionals receive information that can assist in the recognition of this clinical condition, differentiating it from other diagnoses, so that early and appropriate treatment is instituted.

The first five-year evaluation of cystic fibrosis neonatal screening program in São Paulo State, Brazil.

The Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo is one of the three screening centers in São Paulo State, Brazil, and has included a test for cystic fibrosis (CF) since February 6, 2010, by a court order. We evaluated the first five years of this CF-newborn screening program. The original immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/IRT screening protocol was adopted in Brazil. A total of 173,571 newborns were screened, 1,922 (1.1%) of whom showed IRT1 ≥ 70ng/mL. Of these, 1,795 (93.4%) collected IRT2, with elevated results (IRT2 ≥ 70ng/mL) in 102 of them (5.2%). We identified a total of 26 CF cases during this period, including three CF cases that were not detected by the CF-newborn screening. The incidence of the disease among the screened babies was 1:6,675 newborns screened. Median age at the initial evaluation was 42 days, comparable to that of neonates screened with the IRT/DNA protocol. Almost all infants with CF already exhibited some manifestations of the disease during the neonatal period. The mutation most frequently detected in the CF cases was F508del. These findings suggest the early age at the beginning of treatment at our center was due to the effort of the persons involved in the program regarding an effective active search. Considering the false negative results of CF-newborn screening and the early onset of clinical manifestations of the disease in this study, pediatricians should be aware of the diagnosis of CF even in children with negative test.

The first five-year evaluation of cystic fibrosis neonatal screening program in São Paulo State, Brazil / Uma avaliação dos primeiros cinco anos do programa de triagem neonatal da fibrose cística no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Una evaluación de los primeros cinco años del programa de cribado neonatal de fibrosis cística en el Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

The Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo is one of the three screening centers in São Paulo State, Brazil, and has included a test for cystic fibrosis (CF) since February 6, 2010, by a court order. We evaluated the first five years of this CF-newborn screening program. The original immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/IRT screening protocol was adopted in Brazil. A total of 173,571 newborns were screened, 1,922 (1.1%) of whom showed IRT1 ≥ 70ng/mL. Of these, 1,795 (93.4%) collected IRT2, with elevated results (IRT2 ≥ 70ng/mL) in 102 of them (5.2%). We identified a total of 26 CF cases during this period, including three CF cases that were not detected by the CF-newborn screening. The incidence of the disease among the screened babies was 1:6,675 newborns screened. Median age at the initial evaluation was 42 days, comparable to that of neonates screened with the IRT/DNA protocol. Almost all infants with CF already exhibited some manifestations of the disease during the neonatal period. The mutation most frequently detected in the CF cases was F508del. These findings suggest the early age at the beginning of treatment at our center was due to the effort of the persons involved in the program regarding an effective active search. Considering the false negative results of CF-newborn screening and the early onset of clinical manifestations of the disease in this study, pediatricians should be aware of the diagnosis of CF even in children with negative test.

O Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo é um dos três centros de triagem da fibrose cística (FC) no estado de São Paulo, tendo incluído esse teste desde 6 de fevereiro de 2010, a partir de uma liminar judicial. O estudo avalia os primeiros cinco anos desse programa de triagem neonatal da FC. O Brasil adota o protocolo de triagem original, com o tripsinogênio imunorreativo (IRT)/IRT. Foram triados um total de 173.571 recém-nascidos, dos quais 1.922 (1,1%) mostraram IRT ≥ 70ng/mL. Destes, 1.795 (93,4%) tiveram amostras coletadas para IRT2, com resultados elevados (IRT2 ≥ 70ng/mL) em 102 deles (5,2%). Identificamos um total de 26 casos de FC durante esse período, inclusive 3 casos de FC que não foram detectados com a triagem neonatal. A incidência da FC foi de 1 caso em cada 6.675 recém-nascidos triados. A idade mediana na avaliação inicial foi 42 dias, comparável à idade de recém-nascidos triados com o protocolo IRT/DNA. Quase todos os lactentes com FC já exibiam algumas manifestações da doença durante o período neonatal. A mutação mais comum nos casos de FC foi a F508del. Os resultados em nosso centro indicam que a idade precoce no início do tratamento foi devido aos esforços do programa na implementação de uma busca ativa eficaz. Considerando os resultados falsos-negativos no programa de triagem neonatal para FC e o início precoce das manifestações clínicas da doença neste estudo, os pediatras devem estar cientes da possibilidade de diagnóstico de FC, mesmo em crianças com teste negativo.

El Hospital das Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Universidad es uno de los tres centros de cribado de fibrosis cística (FC) en el estado de São Paulo, incluyendo este test desde el 6 de febrero de 2010, debido a una medida cautelar judicial. El estudio evalúa los primeros cinco años de este programa de cribado neonatal de FC. Brasil adopta el protocolo de cribado original, con el tripsinógeno inmunorreactivo (TIR)/IRT. Se cribaron un total de 173.571 recién nacidos, de los cuales 1.922 (1,1%) mostraron IRT ≥ 70ng/mL. De estos, se obtuvieron 1.795 (93,4%) muestras recogidas para IRT2, con resultados elevados (IRT2 ≥ 70ng/mL) en 102 de ellos (5,2%). Identificamos un total de 26 casos de FC durante ese período, inclusive 3 casos de FC que no fueron detectados con el cribado neonatal. La incidencia de la FC fue de 1 caso por cada 6.675 recién-nacidos cribados. La edad media en la evaluación inicial fue 42 días, comparable a la edad de recién nacidos cribados con el protocolo IRT/DNA. Casi todos los lactantes con FC ya manifestaban algunos síntomas de la enfermedad durante el período neonatal. La mutación más común en los casos de FC era el F508del. Los resultados en nuestro centro indican que la edad precoz en el inicio del tratamiento se debía a los esfuerzos del programa en la implementación de una búsqueda activa eficaz. Considerando los resultados falsos-negativos en el programa de cribado neonatal para FC, y el inicio precoz de las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad en este estudio, los pediatras deben ser conscientes de la posibilidad de diagnóstico de FC, incluso en niños con test negativo.

Acrodermatite enteropática: manifestações clínicas e diagnóstico pediátrico / Acrodermatitis enteropathica: clinical manifestations and pediatric diagnosis

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso de acrodermatite enteropática, doença rara com herança autossômica recessiva. Relato de caso: Menino de 11 meses de idade apresentava lesões eritematosas simétricas na face, pés, mãos e joelhos, diarreia intermitente, febre e infecções recorrentes desde os seis meses de idade. Ele estava emagrecido e tinha cabelos escassos no couro cabeludo. Foi solicitada a avaliação da concentração sérica de zinco e identificado um nível reduzido de 27,0 mcg/dL (valores de referência: 50,0-120,0). Foi iniciada a suplementação oral com 2,0 mg/kg/dia de sulfato de zinco. Houve melhora rápida e progressiva dos sintomas. Os sintomas reapareceram quando houve uma tentativa de descontinuar a suplementação. Comentários: Reconhecer e tratar adequadamente a acrodermatite enteropática é importante para evitar as complicações da doença.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a case of acrodermatitis enteropathica, a rare disease with autosomal recessive inheritance. Case description: An 11-month-old boy was presenting symmetrical erythematous and yellowish-brownish crusted lesions on his face, feet, hands and knees, intermittent diarrhea, fever, and recurrent infections since the age of six months. He was thin and had scarce hair on the scalp. The serum zinc level was measured and a reduced level of 27.0 mcg/dL (normal range: 50.0-120.0) was identified. Oral supplementation with 2.0 mg/kg/day of zinc sulfate was immediately initiated. A rapid and progressive improvement of symptoms was observed. The symptoms reappeared with an attempt to stop supplementation. Comments: Recognizing and properly treating acrodermatitis enteropathica is important to prevent complications.

Breastfeeding and the benefits of lactation for women's health / Aleitamento materno e seus benefícios para a saúde da mulher

Abstract The offer of the maternal breast to the baby is an unquestionable right of mothers and their children, and all efforts should bemade to promote, follow and maintain exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6months and supplement it until the child completes 2 years of age. Many publications are available in the literature about the qualities of breast milk, its benefits and health repercussions, stimulating the practice of breastfeeding and supporting campaigns for its implementation. However, although it is widely known that breastfeeding is an important step in the reproductive process of women and its practice offers benefits to both mother and child, most of the available information highlights the benefits of breast milk for children, while mention of the effects of breastfeeding on the health of the mother is usually neglected. Thus, the objective of the present study is to highlight the multiple benefits of breastfeeding for the physical and emotional health of the nursing mother. The authors consulted articles published in the databases PubMed, Virtual Health Library andWeb of Science using the keywords breastfeeding, breast milk, lactation and maternal health.

Resumo A oferta do seio materno às crianças éumdireito inquestionável dasmães e de seus filhos, e todos os esforços devem ser feitos no sentido de promover, acompanhar e manter o aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses e complementado até que a criança complete 2 anos de idade. A literatura apresenta incontáveis publicações acerca das qualidades do leite materno, seus benefícios e repercussões para a saúde, estimulando a prática do aleitamento materno e embasando campanhas. Porém, mesmo sendo de conhecimento geral que a amamentação é uma importante etapa no processo reprodutivo da mulher e que sua prática oferece benefícios para mãe e filho, a grande maioria das informaçõesdestacamosbenefíciosque o leitematernooferece às crianças, esquecendo-se de mencionar todas as repercussões que o aleitamento materno traz para a saúde da mãe. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo édestacar os inúmeros benefícios que o aleitamentomaterno proporciona à saúde física e emocional da lactante. Para tanto, os autores consultaram artigos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e Web of Science utilizando as palavras-chave aleitamentomaterno, leitematerno, lactação e saúdematerna.

ACRODERMATITIS ENTEROPATHICA: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND PEDIATRIC DIAGNOSIS. / ACRODERMATITE ENTEROPÁTICA: MANIFESTAÇÕES CLÍNICAS E DIAGNÓSTICO PEDIÁTRICO.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of acrodermatitis enteropathica, a rare disease with autosomal recessive inheritance. CASE DESCRIPTION: An 11-month-old boy was presenting symmetrical erythematous and yellowish-brownish crusted lesions on his face, feet, hands and knees, intermittent diarrhea, fever, and recurrent infections since the age of six months. He was thin and had scarce hair on the scalp. The serum zinc level was measured and a reduced level of 27.0 mcg/dL (normal range: 50.0-120.0) was identified. Oral supplementation with 2.0 mg/kg/day of zinc sulfate was immediately initiated. A rapid and progressive improvement of symptoms was observed. The symptoms reappeared with an attempt to stop supplementation. COMMENTS: Recognizing and properly treating acrodermatitis enteropathica is important to prevent complications.

OBJETIVO: Relatar um caso de acrodermatite enteropática, doença rara com herança autossômica recessiva. RELATO DE CASO: Menino de 11 meses de idade apresentava lesões eritematosas simétricas na face, pés, mãos e joelhos, diarreia intermitente, febre e infecções recorrentes desde os seis meses de idade. Ele estava emagrecido e tinha cabelos escassos no couro cabeludo. Foi solicitada a avaliação da concentração sérica de zinco e identificado um nível reduzido de 27,0 mcg/dL (valores de referência: 50,0-120,0). Foi iniciada a suplementação oral com 2,0 mg/kg/dia de sulfato de zinco. Houve melhora rápida e progressiva dos sintomas. Os sintomas reapareceram quando houve uma tentativa de descontinuar a suplementação. COMENTÁRIOS: Reconhecer e tratar adequadamente a acrodermatite enteropática é importante para evitar as complicações da doença.

Percepção corporal e atividade física em uma coorte de adultos jovens brasileiros / Body image and physical activity among a brazilian youth cohort

OBJETIVO: analisar as relações entre percepção corporal, peso referido, peso aferido e atividade física entre adultos jovens da cidade de Ribeirão Preto (SP). MÉTODO: estudo de uma coorte de indivíduos nascidos entre 1978-1979, classificados segundo sexo, nível de escolaridade, índice de massa corporal e grau de atividade física, avaliado pelo International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 2035 indivíduos (51,8 por cento do sexo feminino) dos quais 1727 (84,8 por cento) referiram ter estudado mais de nove anos. Tanto a média de peso (77,6 ± 15 kg) quanto de índice de massa corporal (25 ± 4,4 kg/m²) foram superiores para o sexo masculino. Quanto à classificação da percepção corporal, 81,6 por cento das mulheres superestimaram o peso corporal e 78,2 por cento dos homens o subestimaram. Entre todos os indivíduos que subestimaram o peso corporal, 92,3 por cento tinham grau de escolaridade superior a nove anos. Os indivíduos que superestimaram o peso foram os que menos desenvolveram atividade física (58,6 por cento). Nos grupos dos indivíduos que consideraram o peso adequado ou o superestimaram, 48,3 por cento e 51,2 por cento, respectivamente, foram classificados como ativos ou muito ativos. CONCLUSÃO: índice de massa corporal e atividade física contribuíram para melhor avaliação do próprio peso, enquanto que o sexo feminino e o maior grau de escolaridade relacionaram-se diretamente com a distorção da autopercepção, com tendência a superestimar o próprio peso.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the relationship between body image, body weight and physical activity among young adults in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP). METHOD: a cohort study of individuals born between 1978-1979, classified by sex, education level, body mass index and physical activity level assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS: 2035 individuals had been evaluated, (51.8 percent female) of whom 1727 (84.8 percent) reported having studied over nine years. Both the mean weight (77.6 ± 15 kg) and body mass index (25 ± 4.4 kg/m²) were higher for males. Regarding the classification of body awareness, 81.6 percent of women overestimated their body weight and 78.2 percent of men underestimated. Among all individuals who underestimate their body weight, 92.3 percent had schooling of more than nine years. Individuals who overestimated their weight were the least developed physical activity (58.6 percent). In groups of individuals who considered the appropriate weight or overestimated, 48.3 percent and 51.2 percent, respectively, were classified as active or very active. CONCLUSION: body mass index and physical activity have contributed to better evaluation of their own weight, whereas female gender and higher educational level had a direct relationship with the distortion of perception, with a tendency to overestimate their own weight.(AU)

Prevalência de tabagismo no domicilio de escolares de Ribeirão Preto, SP / Smoking prevalence at school children home in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

Objetivo : conhecer a prevalencia de fumantes passivos, na faixa etaria escolar. Casuistica e metodos : foi realizado um estudo epidemiologico transversal para avaliar...