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1.
Arch Microbiol ; 204(1): 64, 2021 Dec 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34940905

ABSTRACT

Submerged fermentation of Tuber borchii and T. maculatum was performed to produce mycelia towards evaluating their bioactive potential and probable toxicity. Truffle mycelia had been mostly explored for biopolymers previously. Methanolic extraction yield, polyphenol content, and flavonoid content varied with species and period of fermentation. In vitro DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and ORAC radical scavenging activity of mycelial extracts of T. maculatum and T. borchii at 7 and 10 days of bioreactor fermentation corroborated with phenolics content. Absence of toxicity and antimutagenicity in lag and log phases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 cells supported possibly safe nutraceutical use of mycelia of both truffles. Mineral content showed variation with species and fermentation time for macro- (calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, magnesium, and manganese) and trace elements (zinc, selenium, copper, chromium, and nickel). Mineral bioaccumulation can be explored for food-fortification applications. The demonstrated activities and detected constituents show potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and nutraceuticals.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Minerals , Ascomycota , Fermentation
2.
Molecules ; 26(17)2021 Sep 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34500813

ABSTRACT

Aromatic halophytes represent an exceptional source of natural bioactive compounds for the food industry. Crithmum maritimum L., also known as sea fennel, is a halophyte plant colonizing cliffs and coastal dunes along Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts. It is well known to produce essential oils and polyphenols endowed with antioxidant and biological effects. The present work reports the phytochemical profile, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties of C. maritimum leaf hydro-alcoholic extract. From LC-ESI-MS analysis, eighteen phenolic compounds were depicted in sea fennel extract and the amount of total phenolic content exceeds 3% DW. Accordingly, C. maritimum extract showed strong antioxidant activities, as evidenced by in vitro (DPPH, ORAC, FRAP) and ex vivo (CAA-RBC and hemolysis) assays. An important antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains was found as well as a strong capacity to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 35556) biofilm formation. Sea fennel extracts showed a significant decrease of mutagenesis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and menadione (ME) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 strain. In conclusion, our results show that C. maritimum is an exceptional source of bioactive components and exert beneficial effects against oxidative or mutagenic mechanisms, and pathogenic bacteria, making it a potential functional food.


Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Magnoliopsida/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plants, Edible/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antimutagenic Agents/chemistry , Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Salt-Tolerant Plants/chemistry , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
3.
Int J Food Sci Nutr ; 68(1): 52-64, 2017 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27575665

ABSTRACT

Chicories produce a wide range of vegetables with important nutritional value. We determined the variation of sterol, total polyphenol, nitrate contents and antioxidant capacity (SC, TPC, NC, AC) in endive leaves and stem-chicory novel vegetables, cultivated in two Italian regions. Within a given area, the SC was similar in smooth- and curly leafed endives (106.3-176.0 mg/kg FW); sitosterol and stigmasterol were major fractions (45-56 versus 38-43%). The stem SC was independent of landrace (101.5-118.6 mg/kg FW); sitosterol prevailed on stigmasterol and fucosterol (73-76 versus 12-14% versus 8-9%); the latter reached 15.7 mg/kg FW, conferring value as potential antidiabetes food. The planting site affected the AC and TPC of endives (893.1-1571.4 µmTE/100 g FW, 30.8-76.1 GAE100/g FW) and chicory stems (729.8-1152.5 µmTE/100 g FW; 56.2-124.4 GAE100/g FW), while the NC was recurrently below dangerous thresholds. PCA showed that environment was the major cause of variation, though it modestly affected these parameters.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/analysis , Asteraceae/chemistry , Cichorium intybus/chemistry , Crops, Agricultural/chemistry , Phytosterols/analysis , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Stems/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/metabolism , Asteraceae/growth & development , Asteraceae/metabolism , Cichorium intybus/growth & development , Cichorium intybus/metabolism , Crop Production , Crops, Agricultural/growth & development , Crops, Agricultural/metabolism , Food Contamination , Functional Food/analysis , Humans , Italy , Nitrates/analysis , Nitrates/chemistry , Nitrates/metabolism , Nutritive Value , Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity , Phenols/analysis , Phenols/chemistry , Phenols/metabolism , Phytosterols/biosynthesis , Phytosterols/chemistry , Plant Leaves/growth & development , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plant Stems/growth & development , Plant Stems/metabolism , Principal Component Analysis , Sitosterols/analysis , Sitosterols/chemistry , Sitosterols/metabolism , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Species Specificity , Stigmasterol/analogs & derivatives , Stigmasterol/analysis , Stigmasterol/chemistry , Stigmasterol/metabolism
4.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 84: 1-7, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26188178

ABSTRACT

A number of studies have shown that whole grain products have strong antioxidant effects. Lisosan G, a powder produced from the fermentation of Triticum aestivum, has shown hepatoprotective effects. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of Lisosan G on the serum lipid profile and oxidative status of healthy rabbits. Forty rabbits were fed either a normal diet or a diet containing 10 g, 20 g or 30 g Lisosan G/kg of feed for 60 days. The supplementation of Lisosan G did not cause any alteration of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin or creatinine concentrations, but caused a reduction in triglycerides, in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The antioxidant activity of Lisosan G has been confirmed on the basis of the reduction in the blood reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) and in the level of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) together with increased vitamin A and E concentrations in the blood. Moreover, Lisosan G also caused the induction of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and kidney of the treated rabbits. This study has shown the ability of Lisosan G to improve the lipid profile and antioxidant status of the blood in healthy rabbits.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Dietary Supplements , Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Plant Preparations/therapeutic use , Animals , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Antioxidants/adverse effects , Biomarkers/blood , Biomarkers/metabolism , Crosses, Genetic , Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Fermentation , Hyperlipidemias/blood , Hyperlipidemias/metabolism , Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypolipidemic Agents/adverse effects , Kidney/enzymology , Kidney/metabolism , Lactobacillus/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation , Lipids/blood , Liver/enzymology , Liver/metabolism , Oxidoreductases/chemistry , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Plant Preparations/administration & dosage , Plant Preparations/adverse effects , Rabbits , Reactive Oxygen Species/antagonists & inhibitors , Reactive Oxygen Species/blood , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Triticum/chemistry , Weaning , Whole Grains/chemistry , Yeasts/metabolism
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