ABSTRACT
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition that is characterized by burning symptoms of the oral mucosa without obvious clinical examination findings. This syndrome has complex characteristics, but its cause remains largely enigmatic, making treatment and management of patients with BMS difficult. Despite not being accompanied by evident organic changes, BMS can significantly reduce the quality of life for such patients. Therefore, it is incumbent on dental professionals to diagnose and manage patients with BMS as a part of comprehensive care.
Subject(s)
Burning Mouth Syndrome , Facial Pain/etiology , Burning Mouth Syndrome/complications , Burning Mouth Syndrome/diagnosis , Burning Mouth Syndrome/drug therapy , Burning Mouth Syndrome/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Glossalgia/etiology , Humans , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Quality of LifeSubject(s)
Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use , Asthma/complications , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Oral Ulcer/diagnosis , Tongue Diseases/diagnosis , Acetates/adverse effects , Acetates/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Aged , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/adverse effects , Asthma/drug therapy , Cyclopropanes , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Histoplasmosis/complications , Histoplasmosis/microbiology , Histoplasmosis/therapy , Humans , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Leukotriene Antagonists/adverse effects , Leukotriene Antagonists/therapeutic use , Mouth Mucosa/microbiology , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Oral Ulcer/etiology , Oral Ulcer/therapy , Prednisone/adverse effects , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Quinolines/adverse effects , Quinolines/therapeutic use , Severity of Illness Index , Stomatitis, Aphthous/diagnosis , Stomatitis, Aphthous/etiology , Stomatitis, Aphthous/therapy , Sulfides , Tongue Diseases/etiology , Tongue Diseases/microbiology , Tongue Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Lichen planus is a common mucocutaneous disease affecting a significant portion of the general population. This article reviews the most current concepts on the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, and treatment of oral lichen planus, lichenoid drug reactions, and lichenoid mucositis.
Subject(s)
Lichen Planus, Oral , Humans , Lichen Planus, Oral/etiology , Lichen Planus, Oral/pathology , Lichen Planus, Oral/therapy , Lichenoid Eruptions/chemically induced , Lichenoid Eruptions/pathology , T-Lymphocytes/immunologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effectiveness and tolerability of a novel intraoral benzocaine patch was evaluated in 60 patients who presented to the Dental School's emergency clinic with spontaneous toothache pain of at least a moderate intensity. METHODOLOGY: Mucoadhesive patches, containing either 12 mg of benzocaine or a matching placebo, were applied approximately two millimeters apical to the mucogingival junction of the symptomatic tooth and remained in place for 60 minutes. Pain intensity (0-4 scale) and pain relief (0-4 scale) were recorded every five minutes through 30 minutes, and then every ten minutes through the 90-minute time point. The onset times of first perceptible and meaningful relief were recorded using two stopwatches. The occurrence of adverse events was also monitored. RESULTS: While the benzocaine patches were numerically superior to the placebo patches at all time points with respect to pain relief, PID (pain intensity difference) and their summed measures (TOTPAR and SPID scores), an analysis of covariance revealed no significant differences between treatments. Survival analysis indicated that the percentage of patients reporting meaningful pain relief by 30 minutes was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the benzocaine group than in the placebo group (77% for benzocaine and 47% for placebo). The median onset times to first perceptible and meaningful relief were 5.4 and 18.1 minutes in the benzocaine group, and 7.8 and 30.4 minutes in the placebo group. Only two side effects (headache) were reported in the entire study. CONCLUSION: Although the results of the present study were promising, further research on this novel delivery system of benzocaine is warranted to firmly establish efficacy in patients with spontaneous toothache pain.
