ABSTRACT
Introdução: A paralisia cerebral é um transtorno não progressivo secundário a lesão no cérebro imaturo e que acarreta principalmente em distúrbio motor. Objetivo: Investigar a função pulmonar e força muscular respiratória em crianças na faixa etária entre seis a 12 anos, com paralisia cerebral GMFCS níveis I, II e III. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caso, com amostra de conveniência, na qual foi realizada uma única avaliação que constitui-se em: ficha de identificação e caracterização, avaliação antropométrica, testes de função pulmonar e força muscular respiratória. Resultados: Os três participantes apresentaram função pulmonar preservada quando comparados aos seus valores preditos. Em relação a força muscular respiratória, o participante com menor grau de funcionalidade, GMFCS III foi quem apresentou força muscular respiratória menor que 50% do predito. Conclusão: No presente estudo não houve relação entre função pulmonar e força muscular respiratória em crianças na faixa etária entre seis a 12 anos, com paralisia cerebral do tipo diplegia, GMFCS níveis II e III.
Introduction: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder secondary to injury to the immature brain and which mainly results in motor disturbance. Objective: To investigate the relationship between lung function and respiratory muscle strength in children aged six to 12 years with cerebral palsy GMFCS levels I, II and III. Methods: This is a case report, with convenience sample, as a single evaluation that was constituted in: identification card and characterization, anthropometric evaluation, pulmonary function and muscle strength tests were performed. Results: The 3 participants had preserved pulmonary function when compared to their predicted values. Regarding respiratory muscle strength, the less functional participant, GMFCS III, presented respiratory muscle strength lower than 50% of predicted. Conclusion: In the present study, there was no relation between pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in children between the ages of 6 and 12 years, with Cerebral Paralysis of the diplegia type, GMFCS levels II and III.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cerebral Palsy/complications , Muscle Strength , Respiratory Function Tests , SpirometryABSTRACT
Evidências apontam que profissionais envolvidos na assistência ao idoso sofrem de estresse e apresentam uma qualidadede vida comprometida. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o nível de estresse e a qualidade de vida dos técnicos e auxiliaresde enfermagem de uma instituição de longa permanência. Delineamento transversal, exploratório e quantitativo foramutilizados como método. Utilizou-se as escalas Job Stress Scal e WHOQOL e a correlação de Spearman, para avaliar arelação do estresse e qualidade de vida, considerando p<0,05 para todos os testes estatísticos realizados. A idade médiafoi de 37,95±8,2 anos. O componente psicológico controle foi relacionados com renda e período de sono. Ademais, aqualidade de vida foi negativamente correlacionada com renda e positivamente com a idade e nível de escolaridade.As variáveis renda, sono, idade, escolaridade e estresse podem instrumentalizar a busca por alternativas de promoçãoda qualidade de vida.
Evidence suggests that professionals involved in the care of the elderly suffer from stress and have an impaired qualityof life. The objective of study was to evaluate the level of stress and quality of life of technicians and nursing assistantsin a long-term care facility. Refinement transversal, exploratory and quantitative design used were as method. Weused the Job Stress Scal and Whoqol scales and the Spearman correlation to assess the relationship of stress andquality of life, considering p <0.05 for all statistical tests. The average age was of 37.95 ± 8.2 years. The psychologicalcomponent control was related with income and sleep period. Moreover, the quality of life was negatively correlatededwith income and positively with age and level of education. The income variables, sleep, age, education and stress caninstrumentalize the search for alternatives to promote of quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Stress, Psychological , Burnout, Professional , Quality of Life , Homes for the Aged , Nursing, Team , Aging , Sleep , IncomeABSTRACT
Varenicline is a partial agonist of α4ß2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is effective at dosages of 2 mg/d for 12 weeks, but not for all smokers. It is possible that increasing the dose can increase the drug efficacy. We reviewed the clinical records of consecutive smokers who had been treated in 2 smoking cessation services with varenicline at doses of 3 mg/d. In all cases, the treatment program consisted of a combination of behavioral therapy and drug treatment. Varenicline was prescribed at a standard dosage for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of treatment, the dose was increased to 3 mg/d if patients tolerated varenicline well and continued smoking or, in spite of not smoking, if they experienced severe withdrawal symptoms. The sample included 73 patients, of whom 52 continued to smoke at 8 weeks and 21 stopped smoking but reported severe withdrawal discomfort. Carbon monoxide-validated continuous abstinence rates from week 9 to week 24 were 40% and 48% in these 2 subgroups, respectively. The increase in dosage was associated with adverse events in 22 patients (30%). These were mostly mild and included nausea, vomiting, abnormal dreams, and insomnia. Only 2 patients discontinued treatment (both because of nausea and vomiting). Thus, we conclude that increasing the varenicline dose in smokers who do not respond to the standard dose after 8 weeks of treatment is associated with limited adverse events and high success rates.
Subject(s)
Benzazepines/administration & dosage , Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage , Quinoxalines/administration & dosage , Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Benzazepines/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , Male , Medical Records , Middle Aged , Nausea/chemically induced , Nicotinic Agonists/adverse effects , Quinoxalines/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/chemically induced , Treatment Outcome , Varenicline , Vomiting/chemically inducedABSTRACT
It has been stated that malignancy is the most common aetiology of massive pleural effusions. To determine the most frequent causes of massive pleural effusions and to assess the diagnostic yield of different diagnostic procedures and survival, we prospectively studied 1084 patients with pleural effusion. Massive pleural effusions were identified in 121 of 1084 patients (11.2%). Compared with non-massive pleural effusions, massive pleural effusions were significantly more likely to be malignant (53.7% vs. 38.3%, P=0.03) or secondary to cirrhosis (9.9% vs. 2.6%, P=0.0000). On the other hand, massive pleural effusions were significantly less likely to be secondary to infection (10.7% vs. 19.2%, P=0.003) or congestive heart failure (0.8% vs. 6.7%, P=0.03). There was a significant increase in the yield of diagnostic studies in patients with massive malignant pleural effusions (56.9% for cytological studies and 36.9% for biopsies). On the other hand, there was no difference in the diagnostic yield of microbiological and histological studies in the group of tuberculous pleural effusions. In our study population, patients with non-massive malignant pleural effusions had a significantly better survival than those with massive malignant pleural effusions, with a median survival of 8 months (95% confidence interval, 7-9) compared with 5 months (95% confidence interval, 4-6) (P=0.0009). We conclude that malignancy is the most common cause of a massive exudative effusion. Massive malignant pleural effusions are associated with worse survival, independent of age and histologic subgroup, than are non-massive malignant pleural effusions.
