ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The human population is exposed ever more frequently to magnetic fields (MF). This is due to both technological progress and development of the economy as well as to advances made in medical science. That is why the thorough understanding and systematized knowledge about mechanisms by which MF exerts its effects on living organisms play such an important role. In this context the health of MF-exposed people is the subject of particular concern. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELFMF) used in magnetotherapy on the concentration of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in rat heart and brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The male rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: group I - control, without contact with magnetic field; group II - exposed to bipolar, rectangular magnetic field 40 Hz, induction "peak-to-peak" 7 mT 30 min/day for 2 weeks; and group III - exposed to bipolar, rectangular magnetic field 40 Hz, 7 mT 60 min/day for 2 weeks. Concentration of IL-6 in the heart and brain of animals was measured after MF exposure. RESULTS: Exposure to ELFMF: 40 Hz, induction "peak-to-peak" 7 mT 30 min/day for 2 weeks caused a significant IL-6 increase in rat hearts compared to the control group (p < 0.05) and a non-significant IL-6 decrease in rat brain. The magnetic field applied for 60 min resulted in non-significant IL-6 increase in rat hearts compared to the control group and significant IL-6 decrease in rat brain (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The influence of magnetic field on inflammation in the body varies depending on the MF parameters and the affected tissues or cells. Med Pr 2017;68(4):517-523.
Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Interleukin-6/genetics , Magnetic Fields/adverse effects , Myocardium/metabolism , Animals , Gene Expression , Interleukin-6/analysis , Magnetic Field Therapy , Male , RatsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Free radicals (FR) are atoms, molecules or their fragments. Their excess leads to the development of oxidizing stress, the cause of many neoplastic, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, and aging of the organism. Industrial pollution, tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, ultrasound and magnetic field are the major FR exogenous sources. The low frequency magnetic field is still more commonly applied in the physical therapy. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field used in the magnetotherapy on the level of total glutathione, oxidized and reduced, and the redox state of the skeletal muscle cells, depending on the duration of exposure to magnetic field. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The male rats, weight of 280-300 g, were randomly devided into 3 experimental groups: controls (group I) and treatment groups exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) (group II exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for 0.5 h/day for 14 days and group III exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for 1 h/day for 14 days). Control rats were kept in a separate room not exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic field. Immediately after the last exposure, part of muscles was taken under pentobarbital anesthesia. Total glutathione, oxidized and reduced, and the redox state in the muscle tissue of animals were determined after exposure to magnetic fields. RESULTS: Exposure to low magnetic field: 40 Hz, 7 mT for 30 min/day and 60 min/day for 2 weeks significantly increased the total glutathione levels in the skeletal muscle compared to the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to magnetic fields used in the magnetic therapy plays an important role in the development of adaptive mechanisms responsible for maintaining the oxidation-reduction balance in the body and depends on exposure duration.
Subject(s)
Electromagnetic Fields , Glutathione/metabolism , Glutathione/radiation effects , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/radiation effects , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Animals , Male , Radiation Dosage , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Lipoic acid (LA) is a natural antioxidant and possess beneficial effects on oxidative stress parameters in various tissues. The aim of the study was to estimate of influence of LA on free -SH groups and TNF-alpha levels in spleen homogenates in rats during oxidative stress induced by LPS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experiments were performed on Wistar rats devided into 4 groups: group I (control) received 0,9% NaCl; group II --received LA (100 mg/kg); group III received LPS (10 mg/kg); group IV--received LPS (10 mg/kg) and 30 min later received LA at the dose 100 mg/kg. RESULTS: Administration of LA after LPS-induced oxidative stress resulted in statistically significant increase in the level of -SH groups and decrease in the level of TNF-alpha when compared to the LPS group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The early administration of LA after LPS challenge a significant suppressed symptoms of oxidative stress and inflammatory effects LPS, expressed as a increase in -SH groups and decrease in TNF-alpha in the spleen homogenates.
Subject(s)
Oxidative Stress/physiology , Spleen/metabolism , Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism , Thioctic Acid/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Animals , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thioctic Acid/pharmacologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Free radicals are atoms, molecules or their fragments, whose excess leads to the development of oxidative stress, the cause of many neoplastic, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, as well as aging of organisms. Industrial pollution, tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, ultrasound and magnetic fields are the major exogenous sources of free radicals. The low frequency mag- netic field is commonly applied in physiotherapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field (1L.F-MF) on the concentration ofsullhydryl groups (-SH) and proteins in liver tissues of experimental animals de- pending on the time of exposure to the field. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty one Sprague-D)awley male rats, aged 3-4 months were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (each containing 7 animals): controls (group I), the rats exposed to IEI.F-MF of 40 Hz, 7 mT (this kind of the ELF-MF is mostly used in magnetotherapy), 30 min/day for 2 weeks (group II) and the rats exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for 60 min/day for 2 weeks (group III). The concentrations of proteins and sulfhydryl groups in the liver tissues were determined after exposure to magnetic fields. RESULTS: Exposure to low magnetic field: 40 Hz, 7 mT for 30 min/day and 60 min/day for 2 weeks caused a significant increase in the concentration of-SH groups and total protein levels in the liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggest that exposure to magnetic fields leads to the development of adaptive mechanisms to maintain the balance in the body oxidation-reduction and in the case of the studied parameters does not depend on the time of exposure.
Subject(s)
Lipid Peroxidation/radiation effects , Liver/chemistry , Liver/radiation effects , Magnetic Fields , Oxidative Stress/radiation effects , Sulfhydryl Compounds/analysis , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Free Radicals/radiation effects , Male , Proteins/radiation effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sulfhydryl Compounds/radiation effectsABSTRACT
α-Lipoic acid (LA; 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoic acid) was originally isolated from bovine liver by Reed et al. in 1951. LA was once considered a vitamin. Subsequently, it was found that LA is not a vitamin and is synthesized by plants and animals. LA is covalently bound to the ε-amino group of lysine residues and functions as a cofactor for mitochondrial enzymes by catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and branched-chain α-keto acids. LA and its reduced form - dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), meet all the criteria for an ideal antioxidant because they can easily quench radicals, can chelate metals, have an amphiphlic character and they do not exhibit any serious side effects. They interact with other antioxidants and can regenerate them. For this reason, LA is called an antioxidant of antioxidants. LA has an influence on the second messenger nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and attenuates the release of free radicals and cytotoxic cytokines. The therapeutic action of LA is based on its antioxidant properties. Current studies support its use in the ancillary treatment of many diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, autoimmune diseases, cancer and AIDS. This review was undertaken to gather the most recent information regarding the therapeutic properties of LA and its possible utility in disease treatment.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Dietary Supplements , Thioctic Acid/pharmacology , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cattle , Cytokines/metabolism , Free Radicals/metabolism , Humans , Thioctic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Thioctic Acid/metabolism , Thioctic Acid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) may result in oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation with an ultimate effect on a number of systemic disturbances and cell death. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of ELF-MF parameters most frequently used in magnetotherapy on reactive oxygen species generation (ROS) in brain tissue of experimental animals depending on the time of exposure to this field. The research material included adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3-4 months. The animals were divided into 3 groups: I - control (shame) group; II - exposed to the following parameters of the magnetic field: 7 mT, 40 Hz, 30 min/day, 10 days; III - exposed to the ELF-MF parameters of 7 mT, 40 Hz, 60 min/day, 10 days. The selected parameters of oxidative stress: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), total free sulphydryl groups (-SH groups) and protein in brain homogenates were measured after the exposure of rats to the magnetic field. ELF-MF parameters of 7 mT, 40 Hz, 30 min/day for 10 days caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and insignificant increase in H(2)O(2) and free -SH groups. The same ELF-MF parameters but applied for 60 min/day caused a significant increase in free -SH groups and protein concentration in the brain homogenates indicating the adaptive mechanism. The study has shown that ELF-MF applied for 30 min/day for 10 days can affect free radical generation in the brain. Prolongation of the exposure to ELF-MF (60/min/day) caused adaptation to this field. The effect of ELF-MF irradiation on oxidative stress parameters depends on the time of animal exposure to magnetic field.
Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Magnetic Fields/adverse effects , Oxidative Stress , Animals , Lipid Peroxidation , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolismABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Free radicals are atoms, molecules or their fragments, which excess leads to the development of the oxidative stress, which is caused of many neoplasmic, neurodegenerative, inflammatory diseases and aging the organism. The main of exogenous sources of free radicals are among others: industrial pollution, tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, ultrasound and magnetic field. The low magnetic field is applied in the physician therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of low magnetic field on the parameters of oxidative stress in rat's muscles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male rats, weight of 280-300 g were randomly divided into three experimental groups: control I and treatment II and III (ELFMF-exposed), each containing seven animals. Animals in treat group II were exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for 0.5 h/day for 14 days (this kind of the ELFMF is mostly use in magnetotherapy) while, group III was exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for 1 h/day for 14 days. Control rats were in separate room without exposing to ELFMF. Immediately after the last exposure, the part of muscles was taken under pentobarbital anaesthesia. The effects of exposure to ELFMF on oxidative states were assessed on the measurements of concentration of -SH group, H2O2, and the concentration of proteins in muscles homogenates. RESULTS: Exposure to ELFMF: 40 Hz, 7 mT, 30 and 60 min/day used for 2 weeks caused significant increase in -SH group concentration and decrease of the protein concentration in the muscles homogenates. CONCLUSION: Low magnetic field used in magnetotherapy causes the significant changes of the generating the reactive forms of oxygen in the muscles which depend on the parameters of low magnetic field.
Subject(s)
Electromagnetic Fields , Magnetic Field Therapy , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/radiation effects , Oxidative Stress/radiation effects , Animals , Female , Male , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The ultrasound therapy is a one of physical methods to treat disorders of movement organ. The ultrasound wave, while passing through layers of tissues gives away acoustic energy. Each tissue of the body has got different structure and different ability to absorb the ultrasound energy. A biological influence of ultrasounds on the body depends on an amount of energy absorbed by the tissues. The influence is resultant of thermal and non-thermal effects of ultrasounds, which includes cavitation and acoustic streaming. Beside local reaction of tissues treated with ultrasound, there is also a general reaction of a whole body. Depends on parameters of ultrasound wave may have an influence on cardiovascular system, especially blood pressure, both on people with normal blood pressure and hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY: Evaluation of change in blood pressure due to ultrasound therapy. Evaluation of change in blood pressure after ultrasound therapy among people with normal blood pressure and with hypertension. Research on influence of applied dose of ultrasounds and time of application on change in blood pressure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was done among 29 patients (aged form 30 to 83) qualified to ultrasound therapy by a physician. Each patient was treated with a one series of 10 ultrasound sessions. The ultrasound device used at that time was US 10 with applicator of 5 cm2 surface and 1 MHz frequency. The dose was 0.05-1.5 W/cm2 of continuous ultrasound wave applied dynamically. Time of each session was 3-9 minutes. Blood pressure was measured using Korotkow's method before and after first (measurement I, II), after fifth (III), and after tenth (IV) therapeutic session. The control group were 10 patients without ultrasound influence. RESULTS: We observed statistically decreased patient's blood pressure after the ultrasound treatment. Blood pressure of patients with hypertension statistically decreased after ultrasound therapy too. Decrease of systolic blood pressure was observed after an application of medium dose of ultrasound (0.5-1.5 Wcm2) and medium time (4-9 min). We did not observed statistically changing of blood pressure in control patient's group. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound therapy was found to have a decreasing influence on blood pressure. Ultrasound intensity and time of application may have an influence on blood pressure.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Hypertension/therapy , Ultrasonic Therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Low-frequency magnetic field is widely applied as magnetotherapy in physiotherapeutic treatment. Recognition of positive and negative effects of the magnetic field has been the subject of numerous studies. Experimental studies concern, among others, the effect of this field on the heart rate and plasma antioxidant capacity. The aim of the study was to check whether a time-variable magnetic field of constant frequency and induction affects the heart rate and plasma antioxidant capacity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The tests were performed on Spraque-Dawley rats exposed to the magnetic field of the following parameters: frequency - 40 Hz, induction - 7 mT, time of exposure - 30 and 60 minutes. The measurements of ECG and plasma antioxidant capacity expressed in the number of reduced iron ions were performed on experimental animals: before, after a single exposure and after 14 days of exposure. RESULTS: A significant decrease of the heart rate was observed after 14 days of exposure. A variable magnetic field of the parameters: frequency - 40 Hz, induction - 7 mT and exposure time of 14 days caused an increase of the organism antioxidant defence, whereas a variable magnetic field of the frequency of 40 Hz, induction - 7 mT and exposure time 60 minutes for 14 days caused a significant decrease of the organism antioxidant defence. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure time affects heart rate, plasma antioxidant capacity and the organism defense ability against free radicals.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Antioxidants/radiation effects , Electromagnetic Fields , Environmental Exposure , Heart Rate/radiation effects , Animals , Electrocardiography , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Free radicals (FR) are atoms, molecules or their fragments, whose excess leads to the development of the oxidizing stress, which is the cause of many neoplasmic, neurodegenerative, inflammatory diseases and aging the organism. The main exogenous sources of free radicals are among others: industrial pollution, tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, ultrasound and magnetic field. The low frequency magnetic field is more and more applied in the physician therapy. The aim of our study was to prove, if the magnetically field applied in the magntetotherapy, affects generating the reactive forms of oxygen according to its working time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research material made up male, adult, Sprague-Dawley race rats age 3-4 months. To investigation compounds reacting with the tiobarbituric acid, the blood was taken from the rat caudal vein into the test-glass including EDTA before being affected by the magnetic field. After the single exposition and after 14 days of being affected by the magnetic field, the concentration of the compounds reacting with the tiobarbituric acid in the serum was measured. RESULTS: After the single exposition to the changeable magnetic field (frequency 40 Hz, induction 7 mT, working time 30' and 60 min) the process of the peroxidation of lipids slowed down. A increase of the peroxidation of lipids was observed after 14 days and these changes are statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Low magnetic field used in magnetotherapy causes the changes of the generating the reactive forms of oxygen.
Subject(s)
Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Lipid Peroxidation/radiation effects , Reactive Oxygen Species/radiation effects , Animals , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lipoic acid (LA) on lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide concentration (H2O2), sulphydryl group (-SH) contents and total capacity protein a few hours after administration lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced oxidative stress in rats. MATERIALS AND METODS: Male albino Wistar rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into four groups, each group consisting of ten male animals. Control group received physiological saline alone i.v. The second group was given LA (60 mg/kg b.w., i.v.). The third second group received LPS (30 mg/kg b.w., i.v.). The fourth group received LPS (30 mg/kg b.w., i.v.) and after 0.5h received LA (60 mg/kg b.w., i.v.). In the lung homogenates were measured thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide concentration, -SH groups and protein contents. RESULTS: The administration of LA after to LPS -induced oxidative stress caused a significant decrease in TBARS and H2O2 concentrations (appropriate 3.65 +/- 0.2 microM and 0.014 +/- 0.008 microM) compared with the group treated with LPS (appropriate 6.030 +/- 0.16 microM and 0.189 +/- 0.03 microM). Treatment of LPS-injected rats with LA caused increase in -SH groups and protein concentration (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The early administration of LA a significant decreased symptoms of oxidative stress - induced LPS, that shows decrease in lipid peroxidation process, H2O2 concentration and increase in -SH groups and protein contents in rat's lung homogenates.
Subject(s)
Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Lung/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Thioctic Acid/pharmacology , Animals , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thioctic Acid/administration & dosageABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Low frequency magnetic field causes the biological effects in organisms--in individual systems and organs. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to analyse the influence of the low magnetic field used in magnetotherapy on prothrombin time, factor Xa activity and level of platelets in experimental animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination was carried out on rats which were subjected to the activity of low magnetic field. The examination of prothrombin time in Quick's method (the international normalized ratio--INR was counted), activity of factor Xa by spectrophotometric method (lambda = 405 nm) were performed. The level of platelets before and after 14, 28 days of the exposition of magnetic field and after 21 days of exposure to magnetic field was assessed. RESULTS: The extension of prothrombin time (a decrease of INR), decrease activity of factor Xa and decrease platelets level was observed in experimental animals after the exposure to low magnetic field (p < 0.05 for all examined parameters). CONCLUSION: Low magnetic field used in magnetotherapy causes the changes in blood coagulation of experimental animals.
