[Cutaneous lesions in COVID-19 patients]. / Huidafwijkingen bij covid-19.

Aside from the typical respiratory symptoms resulting from an infection with SARS-CoV-2, there are reports of cutaneous lesions in patients diagnosed with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are reports of multiple groups of skin lesions presenting in different stages of this diagnosis. The most common reported groups are chilblains, vesicular eruptions, morbilliformexanthems, acute urticaria and livedo. It is unlikely that all these groups of skin lesions are distinctive of an infection with SARS-CoV-2. Chilblains of new onset, however, could possibly be a distinctive symptom of a mild/asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2. It is recommended to consider an infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with these groups of skin lesions. Consider testing for SARS-CoV-2 and consult the dermatologist if needed, especially in case of chilblains, to ensure histopathological evaluation of the skin lesions to increase knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology.

Effects of blood contamination and hemostatic agents on bond strength in primary teeth dentin.

BACKGROUND: Contamination is a common problem in pediatric restorative dentistry and there are a few studies that investigate blood contamination, hemostatic agents, and tooth dentin. AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood contamination and hemostatic agents on the bond strength of two different bonding systems with the dentin of primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Buccal and lingual dentin surfaces of 40 primary second molar teeth were used for this study. Specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the contamination and hemostatic agents (Blood-B, Ankaferd Blood Stopper-A, ViscoStat-V, Control-C) and then every group was further divided into two subgroups according to the bonding systems (Clearfil SE Bond-I, All Bond Universal-II, n = 10 per group). A bulk-fill composite resin was built-up on the surfaces. The specimens were tested in the micro shear mode at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min on a universal test machine. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Tukey's tests at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Significant differences have been detected in the micro shear bond strengths only between the Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) (AI = 13.72 ± 4.47 and AII = 9.12 ± 4.4) and control groups (CI = 22.78 ± 10.86 and CII = 16.49 ± 6.55) without regards to the bonding systems. The highest scores were obtained in the control groups. Clearfil SE Bond showed better performance than All Bond Universal in all groups. CONCLUSION: It was determined that only the ABS contamination groups showed statistically significant decreases in the bond strengths when compared with control groups.

The efficacy of resin infiltrate on the treatment of white spot lesions and developmental opacities.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in opacities by applying resin infiltrate to developmental enamel opacities and applying resin infiltrate or fluoride varnish to white spot lesions (WSLs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 132 teeth with WSLs and developmental enamel opacities were included in the study. WSLs were treated with resin infiltrate (Group 1) and fluoride varnish (Group 2), and developmental enamel opacities were treated with only resin infiltrate (Group 3). Lesions were evaluated in accordance with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria and DIAGNOdent Pen scores before applying the material (T0), just after the application (T1), and after 1 month (T2) and 3 months (T3). RESULTS: A significant decrease in DIAGNOdent Pen scores was observed in all the groups and the most important decrease was seen in Group 2 (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in ICDAS II scores was observed in Groups 2 and 3 (T0-T1) and Group 1 (T1-T2) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DIAGNOdent pen scores decreased and the lesion was partially masked after resin infiltrate was applied to treat developmental enamel opacities; the resin infiltrate application, however, was more successful than fluoride varnish on WSLs. Treating WSLs with resin infiltrate was a good option due to shorter term esthetic recovery and high patient satisfaction.

Clinical Success of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin as a Space Maintainer.

INTRODUCTION: The early loss of deciduous molars is a frequently encountered problem in dentistry. Various space maintainer designs were developed to prevent the loss of the space. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical performance and survival rates of fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRCR) as a space maintainer clinically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed on 44 children who had early missed deciduous molars. Space maintainers were prepared on plaster models of patients and fixed directly to the adjacent teeth. Survival rate and whether it causes any damage to adjacent teeth were examined clinically and radio-graphically for 24 months or until failure. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS: Overall, 16.2% of space maintainers were dislodged and accepted to be failed at the end of 12 months. At the 24-month control, 52.2% success was stated with the FRCR space maintainer and because of permanent tooth eruption, 31.8% of space maintainer were taken out. The mean duration of space maintainers was measured to be 14.8 ± 3.48 months. There was no statistical significance between survival time and gender, tooth number, localization, and measured space (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: After all 24 months follow-up, as well as esthetic properties of FRCR space maintainer, their applicability in a single seance and strength against the forces are determined as the advantages of the technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The FRCR space maintainers can be thought of as alternatives to metal space maintainers.

Evaluation of the restoration success of endodontic therapy of the primary molars.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success rates of pulpotomized primary molar teeth restored with a compomer material with using United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. METHODS: In 173 primary molars of 156 child patients, aged within 4-9 years (mean age: 6.1±1.4 years), conventional pulpotomy treatment were performed. The teeth treated using calcium hydroxide, formocresol or ferric sulphate. After pulpotomy procedure, teeth were restored with compomer material. The teeth were evaluated as clinically and radiographically during a period of 12-24 months. Both of success of pulpotomy treatment and also restorative material (compomer material) were evaluated during follow-up period. The data were assessed with chi-square test. RESULTS: At the end of the first year, 45% of initial treated teeth were checked, but only 18% were checked at the end of the second year. The first year success rates in the groups treated with CH, FC, and FS were 87.5%, 95%, and 79%, respectively, and, as the number of controllable patients was lower, the success rates on available teeth were determined to be 88.3% and 80%, respectively, according to the materials at the end of the second year. Restorations having been made, they were analyzed in accordance with USPHS criteria. CONCLUSIONS: At the end of the first year, 67.5% of compomer restorations were detected to be original and healthy and at the end of the second year, 57% were deemed healthy. No statistically significant relationships were found between marginal adaptation, secondary caries and pulpotomy success (chi-square test, P>.05). Among the three groups, there is no significant difference in terms of success. The least successful age group was defined as 4-6 years.

In vitro effects of estradiol, dydrogesterone, tamoxifen and cyclophosphamide on proliferation vs. death in human breast cancer cells.

The effects of 17 beta-estradiol, dihydrodydrogesterone, tamoxifen and cyclophosphamide upon parameters of cell maturation (Mucine1 expression), cell proliferation (Cyclin D1 expression) and apoptosis (loss of nuclear DNA) were studied in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) human breast cancer cells. Tamoxifen was the most potent inducer of apoptosis in ER+ and ER- breast cancer cells. 17 beta-estradiol in a concentration of 10(-6) M induced proliferation in ER+ cells after 144 h. incubation, while equimolar co-incubation with dihydrodydrogesterone prevented this effect and even induced a significant increase of cell death. It is speculated that the continuous use of combined 17 beta-estradiol plus dihydrodydrogesterone might be given as hormone replacement therapy without increased risk of breast cancer and even may reduce the relapse rate in breast cancer patients.