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1.
Dis Colon Rectum ; 57(7): 811-22, 2014 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24901681

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A surgical teaching and auditing program has been implemented to improve the results of treatment for patients with rectal cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the treatment and outcome in patients resected for rectal cancer, focusing on differences relating to the type of resection. DESIGN: This was an observational study. SETTINGS: The study took place throughout the network of hospitals that compose the National Health Service in Spain. PATIENTS: This study included a consecutive cohort of 3355 patients from the Spanish Rectal Cancer Project. The data of patients who were operated on electively, with curative intent, by anterior resection (n = 2333 [69.5%]), abdominoperineal excision (n = 774 [23.1%]), and Hartmann procedure (n = 248 [7.4%]) between March 2006 and May 2010 were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical, pathologic, and outcome results were analyzed in relation to the type of surgery performed. RESULTS: After a median follow-up time of 37 months (interquartile range, 30-48 months), bowel perforations were found to be more common in the Hartmann procedure (12.6%) and abdominoperineal groups (10.1%) than in the anterior resection group (2.3%; p < 0.001). Involvement of the circumferential resection margin was also more common in the Hartmann (16.6%) and abdominoperineal groups (14.3%) than in the anterior resection group (6.6%; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a negative influence on local recurrence, metastasis, survival for advanced stage, intraoperative perforation, invaded circumferential margin, and Hartmann procedure. However, abdominoperineal excision did not significantly influence local recurrence (HR, 0.945; 95% CI, 0.571-1.563; p = 0.825). LIMITATIONS: The main weakness of this study was the voluntary nature of registration in the Spanish Rectal Cancer Project. CONCLUSIONS: Although bowel perforation and involvement of the circumferential resection margin were more common after abdominoperineal excision than after anterior resection, this study did not identify abdominoperineal excision as a determinant of local recurrence in the context of 3 years of median follow-up.


Subject(s)
Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Elective Surgical Procedures/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Rectum/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Medical Audit , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Staging , Proportional Hazards Models , Quality Improvement , Rectal Neoplasms/mortality , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectum/pathology , Spain , Treatment Outcome
2.
Cir Esp ; 79(3): 160-6, 2006 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16545282

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The application of the laparoscopic approach to the treatment of rectal cancer is controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the introduction of this technique in a coloproctology unit modified the quality of rectal cancer surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a prospective, nonrandomized study of all patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery with curative intent in 2003 and 2004. Patients with stage T4 tumors were excluded. Of the 59 patients included, 33 underwent laparoscopic surgery and 26 underwent open surgery. A series of intraoperative and postoperative variables and characteristics of the surgical specimen were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: No differences were found between the two groups in the type of intervention performed or in the rate of sphincter preservation. Overall morbidity was 39% in the laparoscopic group and 34% in the open surgery group (NS). Anastomotic dehiscence was 9.5% and 5.8% respectively (NS). The length of hospital stay was similar in both groups. The distal margin was adequate in all patients. The circumferential resection margin was positive (< 1 mm) in 10.7% of patients in the laparoscopic group who underwent total mesorectal excision and in 13.6% of those in the open surgery group (NS). The mean number of isolated nodes was 12.5 in the laparoscopic group and 15.5 in the open surgery group (NS). CONCLUSION: The introduction of the laparoscopic approach in the treatment of rectal cancer in our unit has not lowered surgical quality, as measured by clinical and histopathological variables.


Subject(s)
Colorectal Surgery , Hospital Units/organization & administration , Laparoscopy , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies
3.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 79(3): 160-166, mar. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043573

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. La aplicación de la vía laparoscópica al tratamiento del cáncer de recto es un tema controvertido. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido valorar si la introducción de esta técnica en una unidad de coloproctología ha supuesto alguna merma en la calidad de la cirugía del cáncer de recto. Material y método. Estudio prospectivo no aleatorizado que ha incluido a todos los pacientes con neoplasia de recto intervenidos con intención curativa en los años 2003 y 2004, excluyendo los tumores estadiados preoperatoriamente como T4. De los 59 pacientes incluidos, se intervino por vía laparoscópica a 33 y por vía abierta a 26. En estos 2 grupos de pacientes se ha estudiado comparativamente una serie de variables intraoperatorias, postoperatorias y de la pieza quirúrgica. Resultados. No hubo diferencias entre los 2 grupos en el tipo de intervención practicada ni en la tasa de preservación esfinteriana. La morbilidad global fue del 39% en el grupo de cirugía laparoscópica y del 34% en el grupo de cirugía abierta, sin diferencias significativas. La dehiscencia anastomótica fue del 9,5 y el 5,8%, respectivamente, sin diferencias significativas. Las estancias hospitalarias fueron similares. El margen distal fue adecuado en todos los casos. El margen de resección circunferencial fue positivo (< 1 mm) en el 10,7% de los pacientes del grupo laparoscópico sometidos a exéresis total del mesorrecto y en el 13,6% de los del grupo abierto, sin diferencias significativas. La media de ganglios aislados fue de 12,5 en el grupo de cirugía laparoscópica y de 15,5 en el grupo de cirugía abierta, sin diferencias significativas. Conclusiones. La introducción en nuestra unidad de la vía laparoscópica para el tratamiento del cáncer de recto no ha supuesto un detrimento en la calidad de la cirugía, medida ésta por parámetros clínicos y anatomopatológicos (AU)


Introduction. The application of the laparoscopic approach to the treatment of rectal cancer is controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the introduction of this technique in a coloproctology unit modified the quality of rectal cancer surgery. Material and method. We performed a prospective, nonrandomized study of all patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery with curative intent in 2003 and 2004. Patients with stage T4 tumors were excluded. Of the 59 patients included, 33 underwent laparoscopic surgery and 26 underwent open surgery. A series of intraoperative and postoperative variables and characteristics of the surgical specimen were compared between the two groups. Results. No differences were found between the two groups in the type of intervention performed or in the rate of sphincter preservation. Overall morbidity was 39% in the laparoscopic group and 34% in the open surgery group (NS). Anastomotic dehiscence was 9.5% and 5.8% respectively (NS). The length of hospital stay was similar in both groups. The distal margin was adequate in all patients. The circumferential resection margin was positive (< 1 mm) in 10.7% of patients in the laparoscopic group who underwent total mesorectal excision and in 13.6% of those in the open surgery group (NS). The mean number of isolated nodes was 12.5 in the laparoscopic group and 15.5 in the open surgery group (NS). Conclusion. The introduction of the laparoscopic approach in the treatment of rectal cancer in our unit has not lowered surgical quality, as measured by clinical and histopathological variables (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Laparoscopy/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Prospective Studies , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Treatment Outcome
4.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 78(supl.3): 15-23, dic. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-128612

ABSTRACT

El tratamiento quirúrgico de las hemorroides está indicado en aquellas de grados III-IV, sintomáticas, que no han respondido al tratamiento conservador, ante una enfermedad asociada (fisura, fístula, colgajos cutáneos grandes) y en la trombosis hemorroidal. La hemorroidectomía sigue siendo el patrón oro. Los estudios aleatorizados no muestran ventajas de la técnica cerrada con relación a la abierta para reducir el dolor. La hemorroidopexia grapada produce menos dolor postoperatorio con relación a la hemorroidectomía, pero es menos eficaz para resolver los síntomas asociados a las hemorroides. Ningún procedimiento ha demostrado ventajas en reducir el dolor postoperatorio, salvo el uso de fármacos o técnicas anestésicas. En las hemorroides internas prolapsadas y trombosadas se puede realizar una hemorroidectomía de urgencia con los mismos resultados que con la cirugía electiva (AU)


Surgery is the most effective treatment in patients with symptomatic grade III-IV hemorrhoids who have not responded to outpatient treatment, when there is associated abnormalities (anal fissure, anal fistula, skin tags) and in thrombosed hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoidectomy is currently the "gold standard" treatment. Randomized controlled trials comparing open with closed hemorrhoidectomy show no significant differences in pain scores. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy produces less postoperative pain than hemorrhoidectomy but is less effective in terms of symptom control. No treatment is superior to others in reducing postoperative pain except the use of drugs and anesthetic techniques. In patients with prolapsed internal hemorrhoids and thrombosed hemorrhoids, treatment may initially consist of an urgent hemorrhoidectomy with the same results as those obtained with elective surgery (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hemorrhoids/surgery , Hemorrhoidectomy/methods , Surgical Stapling/methods , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Postoperative Complications
5.
Cir Esp ; 78 Suppl 3: 15-23, 2005 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16478611

ABSTRACT

Surgery is the most effective treatment in patients with symptomatic grade III-IV hemorrhoids who have not responded to outpatient treatment, when there is associated abnormalities (anal fissure, anal fistula, skin tags) and in thrombosed hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoidectomy is currently the "gold standard" treatment. Randomized controlled trials comparing open with closed hemorrhoidectomy show no significant differences in pain scores. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy produces less postoperative pain than hemorrhoidectomy but is less effective in terms of symptom control. No treatment is superior to others in reducing postoperative pain except the use of drugs and anesthetic techniques. In patients with prolapsed internal hemorrhoids and thrombosed hemorrhoids, treatment may initially consist of an urgent hemorrhoidectomy with the same results as those obtained with elective surgery.


Subject(s)
Hemorrhoids/surgery , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Humans , Pain, Postoperative/therapy
6.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 75(4): 204-206, abr. 2004. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-31352

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Valorar si el tratamiento quirúrgico electivo de la hernia inguinal en pacientes mayores de 75 años tiene unos resultados similares al observado en personas más jóvenes en términos de mortalidad y morbilidad. Material y método. Estudio prospectivo en 299 pacientes intervenidos de forma electiva durante 2002 por hernia inguinal unilateral no complicada; 54 pacientes (grupo 1) eran mayores de 75 años y 245 pacientes (grupo 2), menores de esta edad. Las variables registradas fueron: tipo de hernia, porcentaje de hernias primarias y recidivadas, tipo de anestesia, técnica de reparación, índice de sustitución en cirugía mayor ambulatoria y complicaciones postoperatorias. Resultados. Aunque el riesgo anestésico fue significativamente mayor en el grupo 1 (el 88,8 por ciento de pacientes ASA III frente al 6,9 por ciento; p < 0,0005), no hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en la morbimortalidad registrada (mortalidad: 0; complicaciones postoperatorias: 3,7 frente al 1,6 por ciento). Conclusión. Los resultados de la hernioplastia sin tensión son satisfactorios con independencia de la edad de los pacientes (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Age Factors , Risk Factors , Anesthesia/adverse effects
7.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 75(2): 69-71, feb. 2004. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-28954

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Evaluar la necesidad de profilaxis antibiótica en el tratamiento de la hernia inguinal con material protésico. Material y método. Estudio prospectivo y aleatorizado en 250 pacientes intervenidos de forma electiva por hernia inguinal unilateral no complicada. En todos ellos se realizó una hernioplastia sin tensión utilizando malla de polipropileno. En 125 pacientes se realizó profilaxis antibiótica con 2 g de amoxicilinaácido clavulánico, administrada entre 15 y 30 min antes de comenzar la cirugía. Los restantes 125 pacientes no recibieron ninguna profilaxis. Los 2 grupos fueron homogéneos respecto a la edad, el sexo, el riesgo anestésico ASA, el tipo de anestesia bajo la que se realizó la cirugía, el tipo de hernia, el tiempo quirúrgico y el índice de sustitución en cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Resultados. Sólo se registró un caso de infección de herida quirúrgica que ocurrió en el grupo de pacientes con profilaxis antibiótica. La infección se curó tras drenaje y tratamiento antibiótico, y no fue preciso retirar la malla. No se observaron otras complicaciones infecciosas. Conclusiones. La tasa de infección de herida quirúrgica en la cirugía de la hernia inguinal no complicada es muy baja, y el uso de profilaxis antibiótica no parece mejorarla (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/pharmacology , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Surgical Mesh , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/administration & dosage , Simple Random Sampling
8.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(5): 296-298, nov. 2003. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24925

ABSTRACT

La tomografía computarizada (TC) es el método de elección en el diagnóstico por la imagen de los pacientes hemodinámicamente estables con traumatismo abdominal cerrado. A diferencia de otras lesiones, la rotura pancreática puede ser difícil de diagnosticar mediante TC. Hasta en el 40 por ciento de los pacientes con lesión pancreática comprobada quirúrgicamente, la TC realizada puede ser normal. Presentamos un caso de rotura pancreática con sección del conducto principal que fue diagnosticada por TC. Se describe el papel de diferentes pruebas de laboratorio y de las técnicas de diagnóstico por la imagen en el planteamiento terapéutico del paciente con una lesión pancreática secundaria a un traumatismo abdominal cerrado (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Humans , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Pancreas/injuries , Fractures, Closed/diagnosis , Rupture , Pancreas/surgery , Fractures, Closed/surgery , Fractures, Closed/complications
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