ABSTRACT
Purpose: Acute dental pulp inflammation necessitates early treatment to alleviate inflammation and pain. In the inflammatory phase, a substance is required to lower the inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species that play a crucial role in that phase. Asiatic acid is a natural triterpene obtained from the Centella asiatica plant with a high antioxidant value. This study examined the effect of Asiatic acid's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive properties on dental pulp inflammation. Methods: The research is an experimental laboratory, with a post-test only with a control group design. The study utilised 40 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 grams and aged 8-10 weeks. Rats were divided into five groups (control, eugenol, Asiatic Acid 0.5%; 1%; 2% group). Dental pulp inflammation was created in the maxillary incisor after six hours of administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The dental pulp treatment then continued with the administration of eugenol and three different Asiatic acid concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 2%). In the next 72 hours, the teeth were biopsied, and the dental pulp was analysed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the level of MDA, SOD, TNF-α, beta-endorphins and CGRP. Histopathological examination and the Rat Grimace Scale were utilised to determine the level of inflammation and pain, respectively. Results: The effect of Asiatic Acid on MDA, TNF-α, and CGRP levels decreased significantly compared to the control group (p=<0.001). On the SOD and beta-endorphin levels, Asiatic acid treatment resulted in a considerable rise (p =<0.001). Conclusion: Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive characteristics, Asiatic acid can reduce inflammation and pain in acute pulp inflammation due to its ability to decrease MDA, TNFα, and CGRP levels while raising SOD and beta-endorphin levels.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Endodontic treatment on dental caries with dental granuloma on the periapical has the potential to flare. The symptoms of acute flare in dental granuloma are strongly related to the activation of macrophages that produce pro-inflammatory cytokine through nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). However, the role of NFκB in dental granuloma has not been widely explained. PURPOSE: To compare NFκB expression in dental granuloma and dental nongranuloma in the periapical of dental caries. METHODS: The periapical lesion of dental granuloma and dental nongranuloma was obtained from patients with dental caries who were subjected to tooth extraction. The periapical lesion was confirmed by periapical radiography and then differentiated by histological and immunohistochemistry by analyzing the NFκB expression. RESULTS: Most dental granulomas were found in females (66.67%) between the ages 36 and 45 (61.11%). Dental granuloma showed higher NFκB expression compared to dental nongranuloma lesions in tooth caries (p=0.021). CONCLUSION: The dental granuloma tissue of dental caries showed an increase in NFκB expression. Understanding the role of NFκB might provide additional insights into the process of periapical lesion development.
