Acute coronary syndrome in very elderly patients-a real-world experience.

Very elderly population constitutes an increasingly larger proportion of patients admitted for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Notably, age represents both a proxy of frailty and an exclusion criterion in clinical randomized trials, which probably contributes to lack of data and undertreatment of real-world elderly patients. The aim of the study is to describe patterns of treatment and outcome of very elderly patients with ACS. All consecutive patients aged ≥ 80 years old (yo) admitted between January 2017 and December 2019 with ACS were included. The primary endpoint was in-hospital occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, new onset cardiogenic shock, definite/probable stent thrombosis, and ischemic stroke. The secondary endpoints were in-hospital incidence of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major/minor bleedings, contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), six-month all-cause mortality, and unplanned readmission. One hundred ninety-three patients (mean age 84.1 ± 3.5 yo, 46% females) were included, of whom 86 (44.6%), 79 (40.9%), and 28 (14.5%) presented with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA), respectively. The vast majority of patients received an invasive strategy, with 92.7% undergoing coronary angiography and 84.4% to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Aspirin was administered to 180 (93.3%) patients, clopidogrel to 89 (46.1%) patients, and ticagrelor to 85 (44%) patients. In-hospital MACE occurred in 29 patients (15.0%), whereas 3 (1.6%) and 12 patients (7.2%) experienced in-hospital TIMI major and TIMI minor bleeding, respectively. Of the overall population, 177 (91.7%) were discharged alive. After discharge, 11 patients (6.2%) died of all-cause death, whereas 42 patients (23.7%) required a new hospitalization within six months. Invasive strategy of ACS in elderly patients seems safe and effective. Six-month new hospitalization appears inevitably related to age.

OCT guided vs. COmplete pci in patieNts with sT segment elevation myocArdial infarCtion and mulTivessel disease: OCT-CONTACT RCT.

BACKGROUND: In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit lesion significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular death. However, the management of non-culprit lesions in patients with the multivessel disease remains a matter of debate in this setting. It's still unclear if a morphological OCT-guided approach, identifying coronary plaque instability, may provide a more specific treatment compared with a standard angiographic/functional approach. METHODS: OCT-Contact is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. Patients with STEMI with successful primary PCI of the culprit lesion will be enrolled after the index PCI. Patients will be deemed eligible if a critical coronary lesion other than the culprit (associated with a diameter of stenosis ≥50%) will be identified during the index angiography. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion to OCT-guided PCI of non-culprit lesions (Group A) vs. complete PCI (Group B). PCI in group A will be undertaken according to criteria of plaque vulnerability, while in group B the use of fractional flow reserve will be left at the operators' discretion. Major-adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) are a composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) (excluding peri-procedural MI), unplanned revascularization, and NYHA IV heart failure) will be the primary efficacy outcome. Single components of MACE along with cardiovascular mortality will be the secondary endpoints. . Safety endpoints will embrace worsening of renal failure, procedural complications, and bleedings. Patients will be followed for 24 months after randomization. RESULTS: A sample size of 406 patients (203 per group) is required to provide the analysis an 80% power to detect a non-inferiority in the primary endpoint with an alpha error set at 0.05 and a non-inferiority limit of 4%. CONCLUSIONS: A morphological OCT-guided approach may be a more specific treatment compared with the standard angiographic/functional approach in non-culprit lesions of STEMI patients.

Association between hormone therapy and short-term cardiovascular events in women with spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Changes in sex hormone levels are a known triggering factor for spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) in women. However, it is unknown whether exposure to exogenous hormone therapy (HT) at the time of SCAD presentation modifies the clinical course of this condition. We investigated the association between HT in female patients presenting with SCAD and short-term clinical outcomes. METHODS: We enrolled consecutive patients presenting with SCAD from the DISCO-IT/SPA (dissezioni spontanee coronariche Italian-Spanish) registry. Women on HT (estrogens, progestagens, or gonadotropins) at the time of presentation were identified, and their clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes were compared with those not receiving active HT. The outcome measure was nonfatal myocardial infarction and/or unplanned percutaneous coronary intervention during the first 28 days after the index catheterization. RESULTS: Of 224 women presenting with SCAD (mean age 52.0±10.0 years), 39 (17.4%) were currently using HT while 185 (82.6%) were not. No significant differences were noted in the baseline demographics, clinical presentation, angiographic features, or initial treatment received between the 2 groups. All patients on systemic HT (n=36, 92%) discontinued it at the time of diagnosis. The composite outcome occurred in 7 (17.9%) patients with prior HT compared with 14 (7.6%) without (P=.039). After multivariable adjustment, HT remained associated with the composite outcome recorded in the first 28 days of follow-up (HR, 3.53; 95%CI, 1.30-9.61; P=.013). CONCLUSIONS: In women with SCAD, exposure to HT at the time of clinical presentation was associated with short-term recurrent cardiovascular events such as nonfatal myocardial infarction and/or unplanned percutaneous revascularization.

Antiplatelet therapy in patients with conservatively managed spontaneous coronary artery dissection from the multicentre DISCO registry.

AIMS: The role of antiplatelet therapy in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) undergoing initial conservative management is still a matter of debate, with theoretical arguments in favour and against its use. The aims of this article are to assess the use of antiplatelet drugs in medically treated SCAD patients and to investigate the relationship between single (SAPT) and dual (DAPT) antiplatelet regimens and 1-year patient outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated the 1-year outcome of patients with SCAD managed with initial conservative treatment included in the DIssezioni Spontanee COronariche (DISCO) multicentre international registry. Patients were divided into two groups according to SAPT or DAPT prescription. Primary endpoint was 12-month incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as the composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and any unplanned percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Out of 314 patients included in the DISCO registry, we investigated 199 patients in whom SCAD was managed conservatively. Most patients were female (89%), presented with acute coronary syndrome (92%) and mean age was 52.3 ± 9.3 years. Sixty-seven (33.7%) were given SAPT whereas 132 (66.3%) with DAPT. Aspirin plus either clopidogrel or ticagrelor were prescribed in 62.9% and 36.4% of DAPT patients, respectively. Overall, a 14.6% MACE rate was observed at 12 months of follow-up. Patients treated with DAPT had a significantly higher MACE rate than those with SAPT [18.9% vs. 6.0% hazard ratios (HR) 2.62; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.22-5.61; P = 0.013], driven by an early excess of non-fatal MI or unplanned PCI. At multiple regression analysis, type 2a SCAD (OR: 3.69; 95% CI 1.41-9.61; P = 0.007) and DAPT regimen (OR: 4.54; 95% CI 1.31-14.28; P = 0.016) resulted independently associated with a higher risk of 12-month MACE. CONCLUSIONS: In this European registry, most patients with SCAD undergoing initial conservative management received DAPT. Yet, at 1-year follow-up, DAPT, as compared with SAPT, was independently associated with a higher rate of adverse cardiovascular events (ClinicalTrial.gov id: NCT04415762).

Relationship volume-outcome for transcatheter mitral-valve repair: When technique matters.

Edge-to-edge mitral repairment is a valid alternative in patient at high surgical risk. It is important to differentiate outcomes for functional and degenerative mitral regurgitation. The need of joint efforts to ensure a valid therapeutic pathway for these patients.

[A case of severe left main isolated stenosis in a young woman with previous history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma]. / Un caso di stenosi severa isolata del tronco comune coronarico insorto in una giovane donna con pregressa storia di linfoma non-Hodgkin.

We report the case of a 34-year-old female treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the age of 16. The patient came to our attention because of progressive dyspnea on effort and a positive result on a pharmacologic stress echo test. Coronary angiography revealed focal critical ostial stenosis of the left main coronary artery. Considering the high surgical risk due to possible post-radiation thoracic adherence and the young patient age, she underwent successful stenting of the left main stenosis with drug-eluting stent, followed by an intravascular ultrasound-guided post-dilation and final kissing balloon inflation. The procedure was uncomplicated.Heart diseases are among the frequently seen long-term effects of chemo/radiotherapy used for lymphoma treatment. The pathogenesis of radiation-induced coronary artery disease is complex and not yet fully understood, the mechanism is multifactorial and likely involves direct damage from radiation exposure or mediated by inflammatory cytokine secretion. Surgery management is often challenging due to radiation sequences, and a percutaneous approach is therefore used. The risk of long-term radiotherapy damage depends on radiation dose and the field of exposure. Modern techniques with lower radiation exposure and smaller treatment volumes may reduce these risks in future.