ABSTRACT
The most deadly outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 occurred in Europe in 2011. Here, we evaluated the effects of the retrograde trafficking inhibitor Retro-2(cycl) in a murine model of E. coli O104:H4 infection. Systemic treatment with Retro-2(cycl) significantly reduced body weight loss and improved clinical scores and survival rates for O104:H4-infected mice. The present data established that Retro-2(cycl) contributes to the protection of mice against O104:H4 infection and may represent a novel approach to limit Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-induced toxicity.
Subject(s)
Benzamides/pharmacology , Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/drug therapy , Shiga Toxin 2/antagonists & inhibitors , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Animals , Benzamides/therapeutic use , Chlorocebus aethiops , Disease Models, Animal , Disease Outbreaks , Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli/genetics , Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology , Europe , HeLa Cells , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/prevention & control , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Thiophenes/therapeutic use , Vero CellsABSTRACT
A general strategy to localize and quantify carbon-centered radicals within proteins is described. The methodology was first exemplified on amino acids and then on a peptide. This method is applicable to any protein system regardless of size, and the site of hydrogen abstraction by *OH on all residues within proteins is easily and accurately detected.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/chemistry , Carbon/analysis , Proteins/chemistry , Animals , Free Radicals/analysis , Peptides/chemistry , Tritium/analysisABSTRACT
The Stille cross-coupling reaction of an N-tosyl alpha-stannyl enamine is clearly exemplified for the first time with a wide range of halogeno derivatives. This gives access to functionalized alpha-substituted enamines in fair yields.
