ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly syphilis, is high and continues to rise among some populations, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). Furthermore, a higher incidence of STIs has been reported in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative MSM. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of syphilis in a cohort of men with HIV in Buenos Aires city. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. We examined the records and visits made by men with HIV aged >18â years in our institution during a 1-year period. Venereal Disease Reference Laboratory (VDRL) results for all the men in our cohort during the study period were analysed. We considered a case of syphilis as incident if a person had a VDRL result of ≥16 DILS, provided that this was increased at least fourfold compared with a previous determination. All VDRL results ≤8 were investigated, and analysed together with the medical records, to determine if they were new cases. RESULTS: We analysed the VDRL results and the clinical records of 1150 men followed up in our centre during the study period. Mean age was 40.9â years. According to the definition used, we registered 171 new cases of syphilis-that is, an incidence of 14.9/100 patients/year (95% CI 12.9 to 17.0). No significant differences in incidence according to age group were found, but there was a trend towards a lower incidence in older men. Ten men had two new episodes during the study. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of syphilis in this cohort of men with HIV (predominantly MSM) was very high. In addition to maintaining high surveillance for early diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to implement newer and more effective measures to prevent syphilis and other STIs in this population.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , Homosexuality, Male , Syphilis/complications , Syphilis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Argentina/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/virology , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Syphilis/diagnosis , Syphilis/prevention & control , Young AdultSubject(s)
Atmosphere/analysis , Pollen/analysis , Meteorological Concepts , Mexico , Poaceae , Seasons , TreesABSTRACT
Se presenta el calendario polinico de la atmosfera de la Ciudad de Mexico con los cambios ecologicos que ha sufrido en los ultimos 30 anos debido a la urbanizacion y contaminacion del medio ambiente.Consideramos los postulados de Thommen, los factores geograficos, meteorologicos y de clima.Se apuntan los cambios comparativos con la consecuente disminucion del numero de granos de polen por centimetro cuadrado por 24 hrs. Finalmente se consideran los resultados de las lecturas entre los anos de 1975 a 1981
