ABSTRACT
Dental identification is the most valuable method to identify human remains in single cases with major postmortem alterations as well as in mass casualties because of its practicability and demanding reliability. Computed tomography (CT) has been investigated as a supportive tool for forensic identification and has proven to be valuable. It can also scan the dentition of a deceased within minutes. In the present study, we investigated currently used restorative materials using ultra-high-resolution dual-source CT and the extended CT scale for the purpose of a color-encoded, in scale, and artifact-free visualization in 3D volume rendering. In 122 human molars, 220 cavities with 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-mm diameter were prepared. With presently used filling materials (different composites, temporary filling materials, ceramic, and liner), these cavities were restored in six teeth for each material and cavity size (exception amalgam n = 1). The teeth were CT scanned and images reconstructed using an extended CT scale. Filling materials were analyzed in terms of resulting Hounsfield units (HU) and filling size representation within the images. Varying restorative materials showed distinctively differing radiopacities allowing for CT-data-based discrimination. Particularly, ceramic and composite fillings could be differentiated. The HU values were used to generate an updated volume-rendering preset for postmortem extended CT scale data of the dentition to easily visualize the position of restorations, the shape (in scale), and the material used which is color encoded in 3D. The results provide the scientific background for the application of 3D volume rendering to visualize the human dentition for forensic identification purposes.
Subject(s)
Dental Restoration, Permanent , Dental Restoration, Temporary , Forensic Dentistry/methods , Radiography, Dental/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Ceramics , Compomers , Composite Resins , Dental Porcelain , Dentin-Bonding Agents , Glass Ionomer Cements , Humans , Maleates , Methylmethacrylates , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Resin Cements , Zinc Oxide-Eugenol CementABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Besides DNA, dental radiographs play a major role in the identification of victims in mass casualties or in corpses with major postmortem alterations. Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly applied in forensic investigations and is used to scan the dentition of deceased persons within minutes. We investigated different restoration materials concerning their radiopacity in CT for dental identification purposes. METHODS: Extracted teeth with different filling materials (composite, amalgam, ceramic, temporary fillings) were CT scanned. Radiopacities of the filling materials were analyzed in extended CT scale images. RESULTS: Radiopacity values ranged from 6000-8500HU (temporary fillings), 4500-17000HU (composite fillings) and >30710HU (Amalgam and Gold). The values were used to define presets for a 3D colored volume rendering software. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of filling material caused streak artifacts could be distinctively reduced for the assessment of the dental status and a postprocessing algorithm was introduced that allows for 3D color encoded visualization and discrimination of different dental restorations based on postmortem CT data.
Subject(s)
Dental Restoration, Permanent , Dental Restoration, Temporary , Forensic Dentistry , Radiography, Dental , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Acrylic Resins , Algorithms , Artifacts , Composite Resins , Crowns , Dental Amalgam , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , PolyurethanesABSTRACT
The in vitro initiation of DNA replication was studied in permeable mammalian cells by a newly developed procedure. Pairs of monolayer cultures, one synchronized in G1 and the other in S phase, were incubated in a sandwich with assay solution, containing Triton X-100 for permeabilization and [3H]TTP as a tracer. After 1.5 h DNA synthesis was shown to be induced in 36 to 81% of the G1 nuclei. The inducing capacity of the S phase cultures was diminished by at least 50% after a 10 min exposure to 60 degrees C prior to incubation. The suitability application of this in vitro system for testing components that might effect the initiation of DNA replication is shown in an assay with G1 cultures where the addition of up to 1 mM Ap4A led to an increase of DNA synthesizing cells from 4 to 15%.