Spectrophotometric analysis of dental bleaching after bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bleaching effect after aging simulation in teeth submitted to bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, 90 human premolars were selected, and randomly divided into 6 groups: control, bleaching, and other 4 groups submitted to bleaching after bonding and debonding brackets using different methods. Color measurement of sample through the CIE L*a*b* system was performed in three moments: T1 - after brackets debonding, T2 - after staining cycling, and T3 - after bleaching. For evaluation of results among the components L*, a* and b*, the two criteria analysis of variance and the multiple comparison Tukey test (p < 0.05) were used. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was observed among the groups submitted to brackets bonding and debonding through self-conditioning adhesive system and tungsten drill, also the control and bleaching groups between the moments T1 e T2. CONCLUSION: Bonding and debonding brackets methods tested in this study showed influence on the sample color change, and after the tooth bleaching process, only the group without brackets previous bonding achieved the color value presented before the staining and aging of samples in the brackets absence.

Cobertura do serviço público de saúde bucal na estratégia de saúde da família no sul do estado de Santa Catarina / Public health service coverage in the family health strategy in the south of Santa Catarina state

Objetivo: realizar uma verificação da cobertura do serviço de saúde bucal na estratégia de saúde da família nos municípios da região sul do estado de Santa Catarina. Método: foi realizado um estudo transversal por meio de dados quantitativos relacionados ao número de cirurgiões-dentistas e de habitantes dos municípios de interesse, utilizando como base de dados informações do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Resultados: Foram identificados 235 Cirurgiões-dentistas na região avaliada, sendo a cobertura média identificada de um CD para cada 4041 (+ 2666) habitantes. Verificou-se que 40% dos profissionais atuam em municípios com menos de 20 mil habitantes, 23% em municípios com população entre 20 e 40 mil habitantes, 9% em municípios entre 40 e 50 mil habitantes e 28% nos municípios acima de 50 mil habitantes. Conclusões: Vinte e oito por cento dos municípios avaliados apresentaram proporção habitantes/Cirurgião-dentista superior a 4 mil habitantes. Dos municípios com população acima de 50 mil habitantes, 80% dos profissionais atuam nos municípios de Criciúma e Tubarão, sendo neste último encontrada a mais ampla cobertura.

Objective: to verify the oral health public service coverage in the family health strategy in the cities in the south of Santa Catarina state. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out using quantitative data related to the number of dentists and population, using information from the National Register of Health Establishments and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Results: Were identified 235 dentists in the evaluated region, with the average coverage of one dentist for each 4041 (+ 2666) people. It was verified that 40% of professionals work in cities with less than 20 thousand people, 23% in cities with population between 20 and 40 thousand people, 9% in cities between 40 and 50 thousand people and 28% in cities above 50 thousand population. Conclusions: Twenty-eight percent of the cities evaluated had a population / dentist ratio of more than 4 thousand people. Of the cities with a population above 50 thousand people, 80% of the professionals work in the Criciúma and Tubarão cities, the latter being the most extensive coverage.

Osseointegrated implant as an auxiliary of orthodontic leveling in case of asymmetric vertical skeletal discrepancy: case report / Implante osteointegrado como auxiliar do nivelamento ortodôntico em caso de discrepância esquelética vertical assimétrica: relato de caso

Objective: To present a case report that used an osseointegrated implant as skeletal anchorage unit in asso-ciation with fixed orthodontic appliance for the treatment of an adult patient with vertical asymmetric skeletal discrepancy. Case report: In this case, the pre-existing osseointegrated implant in the region of element 21 was used as an auxiliary of skeletal anchorage for leveling the upper occlusal plane. This was performed with the straight wire technique, Capelozza prescription pattern I, .022" slot, using the sequence of thermal--activated nickel-titanium arches of .014", .016", .017"X.025" and .019"X.025", followed by the steel arch of.019" X.025". Final considerations: The results presented in this report showed the osseointegrated implant asa good option when used as a resource of auxiliary anchorage in orthodontics, providing better comfort andaesthetic conditions to the treatment and simplifying the technique. (AU)

Objetivo: apresentar um relato de caso em que se utilizou um implante osteointegrado como uni-dade de ancoragem esquelética em associação com aparelho ortodôntico fixo, no tratamento de um paciente adulto com discrepância esquelética vertical assimétrica. Relato do caso: neste caso, foi utilizado o implante osteointegrado pré-existente na região do elemento 21 como auxílio de anco-ragem esquelética para o nivelamento do plano oclusal superior, por meio da técnica straight-wire, prescrição Capelozza padrão I, slot .022", utilizan-do a sequência de arcos de níquel-titânio termo-ativado .014", .016", .017"X.025" e .019X.025", seguido por arco de aço .019" X.025". Conside-rações finais: os resultados apresentados neste re-lato demonstraram ser o implante osteointegrado uma boa opção, quando utilizado como recurso de ancoragem auxiliar em ortodontia, conferindo melhores condições de conforto e estética ao trata-mento, bem como simplificação técnica. (AU)

Enamel evaluation by scanning electron microscopy after debonding brackets and removal of adhesive remnants.

BACKGROUND: The bonding of accessories in the dental crown during the orthodontic treatment creates microporosities, thus promoting micromechanical retention of the adhesive to the enamel structure. After debonding brackets, at the end of the active orthodontic treatment, a certain amount of adhesive remnants must be mechanically removed from the enamel. The objective of this study was to compare, by means of scanning electron microscopy, three different methods to remove the adhesive remnants after orthodontic bracket removal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An experimental analytical study was conducted on human premolar specimens, extracted within a year or less. The preparation of the enamel was carried out with the application of 35% phosphoric acid and Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer® adhesive. Edgwise Standart prescription brackets, slot .022 "(Morelli Orthodontia) were glued to the enamel using Transbond XT® bonding resin. The brackets were placed on the center of the vestibular face of the clinical crown, and a 300-gram pressure was exerted against the surface of the enamel, measured with an orthodontic dynamometer. The brackets were debonded with adhesive removing pliers, and the samples were divided into groups, according to the protocol used for adhesive remnant removal: high-speed multi-laminated drill bit, low-speed multi-laminated drill bit, and low-speed glass fiber. After removal of the adhesive remnants, the samples went through scanning electron microscopy, obtaining electro micrographs with a magnification range of 150 X, 500 X, and 2,000 X. RESULTS: The tested method showed that the best effectiveness for the removal of the adhesive remnants after bracket debonding was the use of a tungsten carbide multi-laminated high speed, followed by the use of a tungsten carbide multi-laminated, low-rotation drill. The use of fiberglass drill alone has proved to be inefficient for clinical use, given the large amounts of adhesive remnants it leaves on the enamel. CONCLUSIONS: All methods evaluated in this study proved to be inefficient for total removal of adhesive remnants from the enamel. Key words:Dental enamel, microscopy, orthodontics.

Treatment time with self-ligating orthodontic brackets: a literature review

AIM: The aim of this study was carry out a literature review on the self-ligating brackets (SLB), identifying publications which evaluated the treatment time with these systems comparing them to the conventional brackets (CB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following indexing bases were researched: Medline (Medicine online ­ International Literature on Health Sciences), LILACS (Latin-American and Caribbean Literature on Health Science), IBECS (Spanish Bibliographic on Health Sciences), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and Cochrane Library, available on the virtual librarian web site on Health of the Medicine Regional Library ­ BIREME (www.bireme.br). The following describers were researched: orthodontic brackets and self-ligating brackets and its correspondents in Spanish and English languages. In this study were covered the scientific researches published in the last ten years, available on their complete form. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the treatment time seems not showing clinical significant differences when compared the SLB and CB systems, and that researches as control case studies and randomized clinical trials, with rigorous methodology, should be developed to accurate investigation of concepts and results which involve the matter.

Malocclusion, dental aesthetic self-perception and quality of life in a 18 to 21 year-old population: a cross section study.

BACKGROUND: Aesthetic alterations in the face can be self-perceived and can affect quality of life. For young people, physical attractiveness is an important factor affecting social relationships. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion, identify the most common types and test its association with oral aesthetic self-perception in 18 to 21 year-old population of male young adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 138 Brazilian Army soldiers. Data collection included socio demographic profile, malocclusion status through the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and oral aesthetic self-perception as indicated by the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS). The chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used to test for homogeneity of proportions. The stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test for the relationship between the poorer oral aesthetic self-perception and parental and soldier's education, per capita income, history of caries in all teeth and only on anterior teeth, dental trauma, previous orthodontic treatment and malocclusion. RESULTS: The prevalence of malocclusion was 45.6%. Incisor teeth crowding and misalignment of lower incisors were the most common types of malocclusions. A statistically significant and independent association between malocclusion and poorer oral aesthetic self-perception in the multivariate analysis was observed. Subjects with severe malocclusion conditions showed 88% higher prevalence [prevalence ratio =1.88 (95% CI, 1.30 - 2.72); p = 0.001] of poorer aesthetic self-perception comparing to those with minor malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of malocclusion was observed. The young adults presenting severe malocclusion had a higher and independent prevalence of poorer oral aesthetic self-perception.

Epidemiologia do traumatismo dentário em crianças: a produção científica brasileira / Epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries in children: the brazilian scientific production

Introdução: A publicação de dados epidemiológicos sobre traumatismo dentário no Brasil é recente, sendo a primeira datada do ano 1983, com o relato de aspectos epidemiológicos do traumatismo na dentição decídua. Objetivo: Identificar e rever a literatura indexada e a produção de dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado acerca de dados epidemiológicos sobre traumatismo dentário obtidos em populações brasileiras. Métodos: As seguintes bases de indexação foram pesquisadas: Medline, LILACS, ADOLEC e BBO, além do banco de dissertações e teses da CAPES. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: traumatismo, trauma, injúria traumática, dental, dentário, epidemiologia e seus correspondentes nos idiomas espanhol e inglês. Os anos de abrangência foram os seguintes: Medline, 1966-2010; LILACS, ADOLEC e BBO, período não especificado nas bases; banco de dissertações e teses da CAPES, 1987-2009. Foram incluídos nesta pesquisa todos os artigos científicos e dissertações/teses relacionados a aspectos epidemiológicos do traumatismo dentário em populações brasileiras. Resultados: Foram identificados 39 artigos, sendo 29 baseados em amostras populacionais; e 10, em amostras obtidas a partir de serviços, principalmente os prestados por escolas de Odontologia. Foram ainda identificadas 15 dissertações de mestrado ou teses de doutorado cujos temas foram relacionados à epidemiologia do traumatismo dentário. Destas, 10 foram baseadas em amostras populacionais; e 5, em serviços. Conclusão: É extremamente difícil comparar os resultados dos estudos disponíveis envolvendo populações brasileiras, principalmente pelo fato de utilizarem metodologias diversas, estarem baseados em grupos etários específicos ou envolverem pacientes que procuram por atenção nos diversos tipos de serviços.

Introduction: Publication of Brazilian traumatic dental injuries epidemiological data is recent. The first publication dates back to 1983 and was the report of epidemiological aspects of trauma in the primary dentition. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and review the indexed literature and the production of Master's degree dissertations and PhD theses about epidemiological data on dental trauma in Brazilian populations. Methods: The following indexation bases were searched: Medline, LILACS, ADOLEC and BBO. In addition, CAPES bases of Master's degree dissertations and PhD theses were consulted. The following key words (or their equivalent) were used in Portuguese, Spanish and English: traumatism, trauma, traumatic injury, dental, and epidemiology. Publication date bracket covered the following periods: Medline, between 1966 and 2010; LILACS, ADOLEC and BBO, unspecified period; and CAPES bases of Master's degree dissertations and PhD theses, 1987-2009. All scientific papers, dissertations and theses related to epidemiological aspects of traumatic dental injuries in Brazilian populations were included. Results: Thirty-nine scientific papers were retrieved; 29 were based on population samples and the other 10 on samples obtained from services, especially those provided by dental schools. Fifteen dissertations and thesis with themes related to dental trauma epidemiology were also identified, being 10 population-based studies and 5 service-based studies.Conclusion: It is extremely difficult to compare the results of the available literature involving Brazilian populations, especially because they use different methodologies, are based on specific age groups, or involve patients that seek assistance at different public services.

Avaliação de solução à base de NaOCl 0, 2% na desinfecção das tubulações de água dos equipos odontológicos / Evaluation of NaOCl 0. 2% solution for disinfection of dental equipment waterlines

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do hipoclorito de sódio a 0,2% na desinfecção da tubulações de água de equipos odontológicos, previamente contaminadas. Método: Foram obtidas amostras de água dos reservatórios, das mangueiras que suprem as turbinas de alta-rotação e das seringas tríplice de 34 equipos com tubulações desinfetadas com hipoclorito de sódio a 0,2% e de 31 equipos do grupo controle. As amostras foram semeadas em "Plate Count Agar" (ACOMIDIA®) e incubadas em aerobiose a 35oC, durante 48 horas, para avaliar a presença e contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de bactérias heterotróficas por mililitro de água.Utilizou-se como parâmetro para a avaliação das amostras as normatizações do Ministério da Saúde referentes à presença dessas bactérias na água de consumo para humanos. Foram comparados os níveis de contaminação da água dos diversos pontos de coleta e entre os equipos com e sem sistema de desinfecção, através do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson com significância de 5%. Resultados: Nos equipos que sofreram desinfecção das tubulações de água, as amostras estavam contaminadas em 41,2% dos reservatórios, 67,7% das mangueiras alta-rotação e 64,7% das seringas tríplices. Não houve diferença significativa na contaminação entre os diversos pontos de coleta e entre os equipamentos com e sem sistema de desinfecção (p maior que 0,05). Conclusão: O método proposto foi ineficaz na desinfecção das tubulações de água de equipos odontológicos, previamente contaminadas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, sugere-se novos estudos para o desenvolvimento de um protocolo padrão para a desinfecção das tubulações de água de equipos odontológicos.

Objective: To evaluate a method that uses 0.2% sodium hypochlorite as disinfectant agent for disinfection of dental equipment waterlines. Method: Water samples were obtained from different sources, which include: water reservoirs, high-speed turbine supply hoses, triple syringe pipes of 34 devices disinfected with 0.2% sodium hypochlorite, and 31 dental equipment units in the control group. The samples were plated onto plate count agar (ACOMIDIA®) and incubated aerobically at 35oC for 48 hours to assess the presence and counting of colony forming units (CFU) of heterotrophic bacteria per milliliter of water. The regulations of the Ministry of Health were used as parameter to assess the presence of heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water for humans. Comparison of the water contamination levels was performed between the various collection points and between the different devices with and without disinfection system, using the chi-square test at 0.05 significance level. Results: Dental equipment disinfected with 0.2% sodium hypochlorite showed contamination in 41.2% of the reservoirs, 67.7% of high-speed handpiece waterlines and 64.7% of air/water syringes. There was no significant difference between contamination of the various collection points, and between the different equipments with and without disinfection system (p greater than 0.05). Conclusion: The proposed method was ineffective in disinfecting previously contaminated dental equipment waterlines. Based on the results, further studies are suggested to develop a standard protocol for the disinfection of dental equipment waterlines.